Content of vitamins-antioxidants in the high-yielding cows organism at the combined usage of nettle and lecithin

Animal yielding increase at the account of industrial production implementation very often results in metabolic disorders in organism because the technology of keeping animals in the conditions of industrial complex often does not correspond to genetically motivated physiological capabilities [1,2,3]. Modern industrial technologies of keeping animals are accompanied with different nature stresses influence [4].

One of the chains of the stress-reactions mechanism is the peroxidation process intensification and antioxidant protection reduction that can considerably decrease organism resistance to unfavorable factors impact and make worse the different diseases development [5, 6,7,8].

Recently different preparations of antioxidant protection without accounting their action mechanism are used as antioxidants. Though every antioxidant acts on its own mechanism, when there is its deficiency or when it is absent, usage of antioxidants with other action mechanisms is not always effective and even it can be harmful. In this connection assessment of not only total antioxidant activity and also separate constituents of this system is of vital importance. Nowadays scientists widely investigate the constituents of the 1st line of antioxidant protection which is presented with enzymes-oxidants., but investigation of vitamins-antioxidants content that are the representatives of the 2nd protection line is not enough [9]. In connection with mentioned above the questions of investigation of the condition of the 2nd line of the antioxidant protection of Holstein cows in the industrial complex conditions and development of method to correct the found violations are very acute.

Work objective is study of indicator level of the 2nd line of the antioxidant protection presented with vitamins-antioxidants of Holstein high-yielding cows in the industrial complex conditions, procurement and correction of the found violations.

MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS

The studies have been conducted in the framework of the contest project of the Department of agriculture Orel region in Close Joint-Stock Company of Agro Industrial Complex “Orlovskaya Niva” Joint Venture “Milk production complex Saburovo” of the Orel region. The research object was high-yielding cows of the 2nd lactation. Depending on the additions combination implemented into animals ration, 8 cows groups were formed, test – 1st - (down-calving animals) and 5-th – (cows 2 weeks after calving), 2-nd – down-calving cows, obtaining basic ration (BR) (BR)+ lecithin, 3-rd – down-calving (BR + nettle), 4-th -down-calving (BR + nettle + lecithin), 6-th - cows 2 weeks after calving (BR + lecithin), 7-th – cows 2 weeks after calving (BR + nettle), 8-th - cows 2 weeks after calving (BR + nettle + lecithin). Lecithin was added to cows ration in an account 15 g per 100 kg of body weight, nettle 50 g per 100 kg once every day. Total number of the tested animals is - 40 animals.

R es ea r c h w a s d o n e in win te r n o n gr a z in g p er io d . A n im a ls w e r e k e p t in sta n d a r d cowshed and were fed similar in s tr u c tu r e a nd n u tr itio n a l v a lu e r a tio n , u se d in f a rm a n d corr e sp o nd ing to fee d in g s t an d a r d s of th e Ru ssi a n A ca d e m y o f Agr i cu ltur a l S cie n ce s 2 00 3 . Blood for analysis was taken from jugular vein in t h e m o rn ing b ef or e fe e d ing .

Blood sampling was done befor e f ee d in g a n d in 2 8 d a y s a fte r th e e x p e r im e n t s ta rt. As the a ntio x id a n t a ctio n p re p a r a tio n s comm o n n ettl e a n d le cith in w e r e u se d. Common nettle is a p e r e n n ia l w e e d p la n t of n ettle f am ily . Ne ttle le av e s h av e co n sid e r a b le am o u n t of v ita m in s-antioxidants: ascorbic acid (229 mg%), vitamin Е (60 mg / %), β - ca r ote n e ( 4 2 0 mg / %) and other vitamins and mineral matters [10,11,12].

L e cith in is a n atu ral produ ct, o b t ain e d f r om v e get a b le o il. It pa r t icip at e s in th e r e a c tio n of cholesterol ester formation, inhibits lipid s p e r o x id a tio n a n d is ca r r ie r o f ch o lin e , p r o v id e s better assimilation of fat-so lub le v ita m in s [1 3 ,1 4 ] . Hy d r o l yz e d le c ith in “ Ce n r o le x F” p ow d e r e d with high phospholipids content 97% was used in the experiment.

During the experiment the level of free r a dical o x ida tio n s w e r e d e te r m in e d a cco r d in g t o malondialdehyde (MDA) content , th e con dit i o n o f a n t i oxida n t p r o t e ct i o n was j u d ge d according to change of ceroluplasmin (CP) activity and the 2-n d l ine le vel of a n t i o xidan t protection (vitamins Е, С and beta-carotene).

Malondialdehyde was de f ine d by the re act ion wit h thiob a rbitu ric aci d ( E . N. Korobeinikova, 1989); ceroluplasmin activity – by mean s o f exp re ss -method of Z. V. Tan (1981); the 2-nd l ine level o f a n t ioxi da n t p ro tecti o n was estima ted by t h e vit a m in concentration: vitamin Е с αα – dipyridyl, β -ca ro te ne a cc o r di n g t o B e s sey i n modification of А. А. Anisova; vitamin С according to Kondrakhin [15].

RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

E xpe rim en ta l d a ta sh o we d th a t afte r th e co m b ine d u sa ge of m e a n s of n a tu r a l o r i gin ( n ettle an d le cith in ), the M DA lev e l d e cr e a se d in g r o u p s 2 ,3,4 ,6,7 ,8 b y 1 0 ,8 % , 3 0 ,8% ( P <0 ,0 01), 4 3 , 1% ( P<0,0 01 ), 1 4 ,5 % ( P <0,0 0 1 ), 2 7 ,5 % ( P <0 ,01 ), 3 6 , 2 % ( P <0,0 1 ) w ith simultaneous increase of CP by 14,9% ( P<0 , 0 0 1), 4 1% ( P<0 ,0 0 1) , 5 3 ,7 % ( P <0,0 0 1), 26 ,5 % ( P <0, 05), 4 5 ,9 (P <0 ,0 1 ), 6 0% ( P <0 ,00 1 ) co r re sp o n d in gly . T h e da ta a n a ly sis sh o w e d that in groups receiving nettle and lecithin, on the 28- t th d a y of th e e x p e r im e n t it wa s stated that the condition of the 2-nd lin e of the a ntio x id an t pr o te c tio n w a s im p r o v e d .

Figure 1 – MDA and CP in the blood serum of high- yi e l din g co w s at com bine d usa ge of nett le an d lecithin

Vitamin Е co nte n t in cre a se d in gr o u p s 2 ,3 ,4, 6 ,7 ,8 b y 7 %, 2 8 ,7 % (P<0,01), 58,7 (P<0,001) %, 18,6% (P<0,05), 44,7% (P<0,01), 49,8% ( P <0 ,0 1) cor r e spo n d ing ly. Vitamin С content - by 8,3% (P<0,01) , 18 % (P<0,001), 24,7 % (P<0,001), 8 ,2 % (P<0,05), 15,1 % (P<0,001), 18,9 % (P<0,001). β-carotene content - by 12,2% (P<0,01), 3 9 % (P<0,001), 43,9 % (P<0,001), 15% (P<0,01), 42,5% (P<0,001), 55% ( P <0,0 0 1) cor r e sp o n d ingly, in comparison with the test groups. Figures 1, 2, 3 present research results.

Figure 2 – Vitamins Е and С in the blood serum of high-yi el din g cow s at com bine d usag e of net tle and lecithin

Figure 3 – β-carotene in the blood serum of high-yi el di ng c o w s at com bined usa g e of net tle and lecithin

Ou r res ea r c h s h ow e d t h a t th e u sage of pr e p ar a tio n s of n atu r a l origin - nettle and lecithin, in the basic ration of high-y ie ld ing co ws de crea ses t he in te n sit y o f pr o d u c ts P OL ( P e r o x id a tio n o f L ip id s) sto r age, s tim u la te s at th e sa m e tim e th e im pr o v e me nt of p ow e r of t he 2-nd line of antioxidant protection, normalizes bi och e m ica l sta tu s i n a w h ole th a t cr e ate s th e favora ble co n d itio n s to c o r r e c t th e d iso r d er s at ox id a tio n p r o ce ss, b e ing c a u se d b y in d u str ia l stress producing keeping of high yielding cows.

CONCLUSIONS

• 1.    Biochemical assessment of oxidant and antioxidant sy ste m of hig h-yielding cows of Ho lste in b r e e d in th e co n d itio n s o f in d u st r ia l co m p le x sh ow e d th a t th e y h av e ox id a n t str e s s, co n sis tin g in p a th o lo gica l in cr e a se of free r a d ica l o xid a tio n , a n d d e cr e a se of antioxidant protection.

• 2.    Oxidant stress of high-yielding cows of Holstein breed in the conditions of industrial complex ran on the background of violations of the 2-nd line of the antioxidant protection.

• 3.    Including into the feeding ration of Holstein cows nettle and lecithin positively influences the indicators of POL (Peroxidation of Lipids)-AOS (Antioxidant System) system (MDA level in blood serum decreased in groups 2,3,4,6,8 by 10,8%, 30,8% (P<0,001), 43,1% (P<0,001), 14,5% (P<0,001), 27,5% (P<0,01), 36,2% (P<0,01), and the activity of ceruloplazmin in blood serum increased by 14,9% (P<0,001), 41% (P<0,001), 53,7 % (P<0,001), 26,5% (P<0,05), 45,9 (P<0,01), 60% (P<0,001) correspondingly.

• 4.    Feeding with nettle and lecithin resulted in normalization of the indicators of the 2^nd line of antioxidant protection, consisting in increase of vitamins Е, С, beta-carotene in groups 2,3,4,6,7,8 by 7%, 28,7% (P<0,01), 58,7 (P<0,001) %, 18,6% (P<0,05), 44,7% (P<0,01), 49,8% (P<0,01); 8,3% (P<0,01) , 18 % (P<0,001), 24,7 % (P<0,001), 8,2 % (P<0,05), 15,1 % (P<0,001), 18,9 % (P<0,001); 12,2% (P<0,01), 39 % (P<0,001), 43,9 % (P<0,001), 15% (P<0,01), 42,5% (P<0,001), 55% (P<0,001) correspondingly, in comparison with test animals.