Correlation of types of fruit formations, yield and economic indicators of new breeding apple cultures in Azerbaijan

Автор: Sadygov Aladdin

Журнал: Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.9, 2023 года.

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The results of a long-term study of biological and economic indicators of new apple breeding varieties, including the number of fruits, fruit weight, yield and comparative economic evaluation of the variety, are presented. Selected by a set of valuable traits for widespread introduction into industrial gardens varieties: Nigar, Zaka, Zafar, Udvi, Watan, Emil, Elvin, Sevinj, Gobustan, Gyzyl taj, Mahmari, Sadaf, Sahil and Shabran.

Apple tree, variety, selection, fruiting, productivity, azerbaijan

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14127646

IDR: 14127646 | DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/89/15

Текст научной статьи Correlation of types of fruit formations, yield and economic indicators of new breeding apple cultures in Azerbaijan

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice

Azerbaijan is an ancient center of fruit culture and a center for the formation of a number of valuable fruit plants. The natural and economic conditions of Azerbaijan favor the development of valuable varieties of plants. A lot of work on breeding new, high-quality varieties of apple trees in the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing was first started in the early thirties in the Guba-Khachmaz zone. Apple tree varieties created here (Azerbaijan, Sheref, S. Vurgun, Quba Reneti, Fakhime, Gyzyl Guba, Sharg, Shah Dag, Bezekli, Guba Reneti, Galib, Kommunar, etc.) were widely tested in various soil and climatic regions of Azerbaijan [1].

Starting from 1985, the selection work on the apple tree was started by studying the ogrobiological, incoming and continuing by repeated (F2) hybridization and crossing of new varieties Fakhima, Nigar, Zafar, Sulkh, Marfa, Ulvi, Vatan, Nyubar, Chiraggala, Davamly, Emil, Elvin, Guba autumn, Guba winter, Sevinj, Gobustan, Zumrud, Gyzyl taj, Eldar, Mahmari, Nuran, Sarvan, Sadaf, Sahil and Shabran. The economic and biological properties of new breeding varieties of apples were studied, they studied ripening, fruiting, the number of fruit organs, including fruit rods, fruit weight, yield, varieties, comparative economic evaluation of varieties, etc.

During the research, indicators Guba region, where research work was carried out, lies in the zone of a moderately warm semi-humid climate, the thermal regime of the region is quite favorable for the growth of apples.

Materials and Methods

The objects of the study were 26 new breeding varieties of apple trees. The study of the economic and biological characteristics of new breeding varieties of apple trees was carried out in the Guba region breeding garden of the experimental base of the Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing. The varieties Papirovka, Azerbaijan and Renet Champagne, released in the Guba-Khachmas zone of Azerbaijan, were taken as control. The Guba region is granite from the east and northeast with the Khachmas district, and from the west and south-west it rests on the watershed miniyu of the Main Caucasian Ridge. The work was carried out in accordance with the “program and methodology for the study of fruit, berry and nut crops” Michurinsk (1973) [3]. A. S. Tatarintseva “selection and variety science of fruit and berry crops” (1981) [4]. E. N. Sedova and T. I. Oglischova “program and methodology variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops” (1999) [5]. The average annual temperature here is 9.7°С. 17°С; the absolute minimum in severe winters reaches -27°C. Precipitation is 90,540 mm per year [2].

Results and discussion

In the economic and biological assessment of a variety, the productivity of trees and precocity, with good fruit quality, are very important indicators. The time of entry of the variety at the time of fruiting is considered to be a year after planting trees in the garden, when at least 3 kg per accounting tree.

As a result of studying this issue, it has been established that the grafting of this issue has been established that the grafting on MM-106, Nigar, Zaka, Zafar, Ulvi, Vatan, Nyubar, Chiraggala, Emil, Elvin and Sevinj, planted at one year of age, come into fruition at 5-6 years after planting in the garden (Table).

In the biology of tree fruiting, the ratio of trees is of great importance and the ratio of types of fruiting organs to vegetative ones is of great importance. The nature of fruiting depends on the genotype of the variety, the age of the tree, agricultural technology and climatic conditions, in most varieties of apple trees at a young age, fruiting on fruit twigs and ends and growth of the skeletal type prevails, subsequently the placement of fruits on perennial overgrowing branches, kolchatka.

Data on the accounting of fruit formations in 18-year-old trees show that in apple varieties at this age, the number of annelids predominates, and other fruit twigs change quite noticeably. The number of ringlets in all varieties prevails and ranges from 86.4 (Eldar) to 97.4 (Ulvi). Fruit twigs from 0.3 (Makhmari) to 6.2 (Eldar) and rings only from 1.6 (Ulvi) to 7.3 (Marfa).

In the conditions of the Guba-Khachmas zone of Azerbaijan, the net weight of sales of new breeding varieties of apple trees ranged from 130 (Eldar) to 189 (Sadaf) g. The largest fruits are Sevinj (210 g), Gobustan (198 g), Sadaf (195 g), Ulvi (195 g), Zaka (171 g), Watan (170 g).

Over the years of research, the yield of summer varieties is from 155 cwt/ha (Fahima) to 171 cwt/ha (Zaka) with the yield of the control variety Paping 160 cwt/ha. The highest yield was obtained from the Zaka variety — 11 cwt/ha. Autumn varieties yield from 153 cwt/ha (Sulh) to Marfa 159 cwt/ha. Comparisons of the control variety of Azerbaijan, a high yield of 7 cwt/ha was obtained from the Marfa variety.

Table

THE RATIO OF TYPES OF FRUIT FORMATIONS, PRODUCTIVITY

AND ECONOMICS OF NEW APPLE BREEDING VARIETIES (2020-2022)

Variety	si g 1	2 2 о о	bo .st S S •S st ^	g St ' g о О	Including by types of fruit formations, %			Fruit weight, g		-st 3	S -2 8 ^ i⁴! ^
Variety	si g 1	2 2 о о	bo .st S S •S st ^	g St ' g о О	-st ^	s	"g st о	s	s S s	-st 3	S -2 8 ^ i⁴! ^
Paping	summer	MM-106	5-6	313	91.2	3.7	5.2	120	125	160	100
Fahima	summer	MM-106	5-6	296	88.3	4.5	7.2	138	140	155	95.7
Nigar	summer	MM-106	4-5	316	92.6	3.1	4.3	139	141	165	103.8
Zack	summer	MM-106	4-5	319	93.4	2.3	4.3	135	139	171	108.8
Zafar	summer	MM-106	4-5	314	92.1	2.7	5.2	136	140	165	103.8
Azerbaijan (k)	autumn		5-6	329	90.3	4.3	5.4	120	125	157	100
Sulh	autumn	MM-106	5-6	315	89.4	3.8	6.8	175	180	153	96.8
Martha	winter	MM-106	5-6	317	88.4	4.3	7.3	160	165	159	101.5
Renet champagne (to)	winter	MM-106	5-6	338	93.4	2.3	4.3	120	125	165	100
Ulvi	winter	MM-106	4-5	403	97.4	1.0	1.6	137	140	195	123.2
Watan	winter	MM-106	4-5	321	94.6	2.3	3.1	140	145	170	104.1
Nyubar	winter	MM-106	4-5	339	87.8	4.8	7.4	138	140	155	95.4
Chiraggala	winter	MM-106	4-5	402	96.4	1.2	2.4	150	163	180	111.4
Davamli	winter	MM-106	5-6	321	89.6	4.1	6.3	153	155	154	91.5
Emil	winter	MM-106	4-5	403	95.4	2.0	2.6	153	156	193	121.7
Elvin	winter	MM-106	4-5	405	95.6	1.8	2.6	156	158	196	123.9
Guba autumn	winter	MM-106	5-6	365	93.8	2.3	3.9	160	170	160	95.9
Guba winter	winter	MM-106	5-6	366	93.9	1.9	4.2	162	165	164	99.2
Sevinj	winter	MM-106	4-5	407	94.5	1.9	3.6	150	155	210	134.3
Gobustan	winter	MM-106	4-5	403	93.4	3.0	3.6	150	154	196	134.3
Zumrud	winter	MM-106	5-6	336	89.6	3.6	6.8	155	160	165
Gyzyl taj	winter	MM-106	5-6	404	96.4	1.5	2.1	1 55	163	175
Eldar	winter	MM-106	5-6	326	86.7	6.2	7.1	130	133	155
Mahmari	winter	MM-106	5-6	407	97.8	0.3	1.9	163	167	210
Nuran	winter	MM-106	5-6	357	89.7	3.9	6.4	143	145	156
Sarvan	winter	MM-106	5-6	405	93.6	2.5	4.3	155	163	195
Sadaf	winter	MM-106	5-6	426	97.3	0.8	1.9	189	195	210
Sahil	winter	MM-106	5-6	431	96.4	0.7	2.9	145	153	210
Shabran	winter	MM-106	5-6	426	95.3	1.8	2.9	138	143	205

Winter varieties have yields ranging from 154 cwt/ha (Davamli), 210 cwt/ha (Sevinj, Sadaf and Sahil) while the yield of the control variety Renet Champagne is 165 cwt/ha. The highest yield was obtained from the variety Sevinj, Sadaf, and Sahil — 45 cwt/ha, the lowest — in the Davamli variety — 11 cwt/ha.

Comparative economic evaluation of summer varieties 95.7-108%, autumn varieties 96.8101.5% and winter varieties within 91.5-127.2% (Table).

Economically profitable varieties, due to which it is possible to significantly improve the industrial assortment of apple trees in the Guba-Khachmas zone: Nigar, Zafar, Zaka, autumn varieties Marfa, winter varieties Ulvi, Chiraggala, Emil, Elvin, Sevinj, Gobustan, Gyzyl taj, Mahmari, Sarwan, Sadaf, Sahil and Shabran.

Conclusion

Thus, as a result of our research, new breeding varieties have been identified Nigar, Zafar, Zaka, Marfa, Ulvi, Chiraggala, Emil, Elvin, Sevinj, Gobustan, Gyzyl taj, Mahmari, Sarwan, Sadaf, Sahil and Nabran.

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