Current state and development trends of light industry in Uzbekistan

The textile industry of Uzbekistan is not only one of the fastest growing segments of the economy, but also a leader in attracting foreign investments and exporting products. Analysis of the activities of textile enterprises showed that almost all enterprises in the industry are equipped with modern energy-efficient equipment. Therefore, much attention is paid to the development of this one of the leading branches of the republic. As the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, I. A. Karimov, noted: «... The main orienting point for us should be technological and technical renewal of production, as well as a constant search for internal reserves, implementation of profound structural transformations in the economy, modernization and diversification of industry»1.

The most important direction of our internal reserves and capabilities should be a gradual increase in the depth of processing of domestic raw materials, as well as expansion of the volumes and range of products with high added value.

In other words, the time itself requires transition to successive 3-4-stage cycles of processing raw materials into products in demand on the world market according to the scheme: basic raw materials - primary processing (semi-finished products) - finished materials for industrial production - finished products for final consumption.

With the purpose of solving the tasks set by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the sectoral integrated program was developed, according to which it is planned to send 918 million US dollars by 2020 to implement 77 projects in the textile industry. These funds will be invested in the creation of new vertically integrated textile complexes in various regions of the country and the expansion of existing production facilities with the participation of world leaders in textile machinery.

As a result of the implementation of these projects, the existing capacities will increase more than twofold. For comparison: in 2010-2014, investments in the amount of more than 800 million US dollars were attracted to the textile industry.

The textile industry of Uzbekistan is a sector of the economy that ensures the country's preservation of the status of an independent and sovereign industrial power. It plays an essential role in solving state problems and meets the vital interests of many regions. Promotes the harmonious development of regions, ensuring employment of the population and improving its well-being, assists in the formation and development of small and private businesses. According to the official statistics, a significant part of the textile industry of the republic falls on JSC Uzbekengilsanoat.

To date, JSC «Uzbekengilsanoat» is a stable and dynamically developing joint-stock company, uniting large producers and suppliers in the textile market in Uzbekistan.

Due to the correctly chosen strategy and competent management, for many years now the joint-stock company has maintained positive dynamics of growth and the status of permanent and a sustainable development.

As of 01.01.2017, in the system of JSC «Uzbekengilsanoat» operates 400 industrial enterprises, including 27 large enterprises, 373 enterprises classified as small and private businesses2.

Development of the industry, in 1994 the volume of attracted foreign investment in the light industry amounted to only 5.2 million dollars. In 2001, this indicator reached already 649.6 million dollars, in 2010 - 1.8 billion dollars, and by the end of 2015 - 2.4 billion dollars. In 2016 the volume of direct foreign investments in light industry amounted to 2.5 billion dollars.

The growth dynamics is determined by the annual supply of at least 30 new production facilities and the modernization of existing production facilities, including new textile products, such as yarn from bamboo and melange yarn, as well as finished products, silk fabrics and products, jacquard and a wide range of ready-made garments and knitted goods with the application of original solutions of domestic designers, corresponding to the world trends of the fashion industry under the brand «Made in Uzbekistan».

The role of the textile industry in the development of Uzbekistan's economy can be judged by the following figures: Uzbekistan is one of the industrially developed republics of the Central Asian region. About 32% of the GDP is formed in the industry. However, even with its «unprecedented» pace of development, everything is not so unambiguous. Uzbekistan has the most diversified economy in the region. In the share of the final product produced by the Central Asian countries, the share of Uzbekistan according to its State Statistics Committee is 80% of mineral fertilizers, 94% of chemical fibers, 54% of natural gas, 59% of cement, and 65% of raw cotton. Nowadays, the republic exports textile products to almost 50 countries, and the volume of supplies has grown from $ 8 million to over $ 1 billion. Revenues from the sale of cotton abroad alone account for about 10 percent of the country's total export earnings. But the country's authorities are actively developing and processing it: by 2020, it is planned to implement about 80 projects in the textile industry, which will more than double the capacity of the industry. To this end, developed light industry development program for 20152020 years.

The following types of modern technological equipment are installed and put into operation at the enterprises of the industry:

• -    sewing equipment - Pffaf (Germany), Rimoldi, Orizio (Italy), Eagle, Gerber (Turkey), Oshima, Juki, Brother, Yamato (Japan), Siruba (Taiwan), Sunstar (South Korea);

• -    laboratory equipment - Mesdan (Italy), Uster (Switzerland).

Export is a powerful stimulating factor of economic growth for the development of production, new technologies, the market for the created goods of the industry. Enterprises of the textile industry of the Republic have the opportunity to supply the widest range of the range of exported goods - from yarn to finished products (sewing and knitted goods) to the foreign market.

Used sources:

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"Экономика и социум" №3 (46) 2018