Soviet authorities activities in the Turukhansk district in the period from the end of the civil war to the formation of national districts

The purpose of the study is to identify areas of activity of the Soviet authorities in the Turukhansk District to solve the accumulated problems of the indigenous peoples of the North and create conditions for their development within the framework of the Soviet model. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from the proclamation of Soviet power to the creation of the Taimyr and Evenk national Okrugs (1917-1930). The study used for the first time introduced into circulation documents stored in the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region, in the funds of the Yenisei Provincial Executive Council of Workers, Peasants, Red Army Deputies (F. 41): the Krasnoyarsk Committee for Assistance to the Peoples of the Yenisei North under the Krasnoyarsk Okrug Executive Committee (F.R-1845); Krasnoyarsk Okrug Commercial and Cooperative Union of Hunters (Krasohotsoyuz) of the All-Russian Commercial and Cooperative Union of Hunters (F.R-1453); Turukhansk Union of Integral (Mixed) Cooperatives (Turukhansoyuz) of the East Siberian Regional Union of Hunting and Fishing Integral Cooperatives (Form R-1137); collection of materials of expeditions on land management of the Yenisei North (F.R-2275). The theory of modernizatio became the methodological basis for studying the transition of the indigenous peoples of the North from the traditional way of life and economic activity to the present. The Soviet government, as it strengthened, tried not only to provide food and medical assistance to the indigenous population of the Turukhansk District, but also to transform its lifestyle and economic activity in accordance with its ideological ideas about involving backward peoples in the process of building socialism. This was done administratively by the authorities, which were dominated by employees of Russian origin who did not know the language and life of the indigenous peoples. The organization of self-government of indigenous peoples in the form of tribal councils and the establishment of their cooperation with authorities contributed to the solution of the socio-economic and cultural problems of the population. Financial opportunities for conducting economic, social and cultural policies were obtained mainly due to the transfer of the region to centralized state financial support. The creation of the Turukhansk Union of Mixed (Integral) Cooperatives made it possible to determine a real way to increase the efficiency of the northern economy and obtain financial resources for the development of the Turukhansk District by involving the indigenous population itself in transformational activities. However, an attempt to divide the indigenous population into kulaks, middle peasants and poor peasants in accordance with political guidelines caused not only misunderstanding, but also open discontent in the conditions of the predominance of tribal relations. Important for the indigenous population of the district was the deployment of a system of school education, health care, and veterinary services for reindeer breeding. However, attempts to accelerate the planting in the district of ideological and cultural-mass work, not adapted to the traditions of the northerners, did not justify themselves. During the period we are considering, the sovietization of the life and activities of the population was carried out in the Turukhansk District. The work of the Soviet authorities in the district can be viewed as a regional experiment that required constant reflection, adjustment and inclusion of the indigenous population in it.