Activity and axiological approaches in the study of traditional cultures: the nature of differences and points of intersection

The paper reveals the problem of opposition of activity and axiological approaches in understanding the nature of culture. It provides a general description of these approaches, considers the circumstances that led to the formation of the axiological approach in the last third of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century. The study indicates the periods of the historical and cultural process and certain states of culture that served as a framework for smoothing out the opposition of these approaches. The paper provides a characteristic of the axiosphere of agricultural and nomadic cultures with the consideration of its common and varying properties in the cultures of these types. It provides rationale for removing contradictions between the two approaches, as the culture in a broad meaning can be explained via axiosphere, and axiosphere itself can be logically deduced from some adaptive situation.