Effect of agricultural technologies with the use of the no-till soil tillage on physical and chemical qualities of leached chernozem of the Kuban river basin and yield of field crops

The physical and chemical qualities of leached chernozem of the Kuban River basin were studied in a rotation with 11 fields of cereal, cultivated crops and alfalfa (sunflower - winter wheat - corn for grain) in stationary multifactor field trial cultivated in the Kuban State University of Agriculture by Trubilin I.T. in 2014-2016. State of the soil absorbing complex was commonly stabilized after no-till soil treatment at intensification of cultivation technologies for field crop compared to the extensive cultivation technology: intensification of field crops cultivation technologies did not have a negative effect on a state of soil absorbing complex of leached chernozem; application of high doses of mineral fertilizers containing monovalent cations and anions at winter wheat cultivation after sunflower can cause acidification of leached chernozems; yield of a crop rotation link ‘sunflower - winter wheat - corn for grain' at intensification of their cultivation technologies is increased compared to a control from 1.69 (a technology index is 000) to 6.70 (a technology index is 033) t per ha of grain units; application of the different fertilizer doses is ineffective at crops cultivation, especially for sunflower. Intensification of the agricultural technologies with no-till soil treatment promotes sunflower yield increase from 0.50 to 1.24 t per ha, winter wheat - from 1.74 to 5.06 t per ha and corn for grain - from 0.80 to 3.68 t per ha. A low total level of crops yield and a productivity of the crop rotation link ‘sunflower - winter wheat - corn for grain' as well as high expenses for application of high doses of fertilizers and chemical preparations for plant protection discredit a practicability of no-till soil treatment under these crops at production on leached chernozem of the Kuban River basin.