Decarbonization policy of Russia in the context of ESG transformation of the world energy sector

The article addresses the issue of global climate change resulting from increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which originate from the energy sector. It analyzes the measures taken by the global community to combat climate change. The article discusses technical initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the fuel and energy complex, as well as economic mechanisms for carbon regulation based on the principles of flexibility inherent in international climate agreements. The evolution of the sustainable development concept is examined, alongside its transformation into ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors, and their impact on addressing climate change. The study explores the adaptation of global agreements in relation to the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Additionally, the article proposes directions for improving domestic energy policy in light of the global ESG transformation of the industry. Three directions for the decarbonization of the energy sector are identified: natural-conservative, low-carbon, and aggressive approaches.