The demographic situation in the countryside and its impact on the processes of reproduction of human resources in the agricultural sector of the regional economy

The statistical analysis of the data showed that the urban and rural population continues to decrease in the Orel region, despite the fact that the urban population exceeds the rural population significantly. However, on the contrary in some areas there is a slight tendency to the population increase. In particular, this applies to such areas as Orel, Uritsk, Zalegoshchensk and Kromy districts. The population under working age in different years had a leaping character, in 2019-2020 it significantly decreased, with the exception of Verkhovsk, Zalegoschensk, Kromy, Orel, Sverdlovsk and Khotynetsk districts. The working-age population had been decreasing until 2020. In 2020, there was a positive trend towards its increase. The population over the working age had been also steadily increasing until 2019. In 2020, it began to decrease. Because of the low birth rate and relatively high mortality rate, the natural population decline rate in the region is increasing. The crude death rate remains above the crude birth rate. The ageing of the population continues and a further increase in its average age is predicted. The Orel region, judging by the statistics, does not attract visitors at all. There is a negative migration balance in the region. All these indicators together describe the demographic situation of the Ore region, which requires making decisions to improve it at the present stage of the development. The main ways to improve the demographic situation in the region are: state support for families with children, improving the quality of life of the population, increasing the birth rate, reducing morbidity and mortality, increasing the mean lifetime, ensuring employment, availability of education, health care for all segments of the population; strengthening the institution of the family; increasing the level of migration of the population from different regions and countries.