Demographic processes in Kutol village of Ochamchyra region of the Republic of Abkhazia from 1999 to 2024

The paper deals with the ethnodemographic processes of the village of Kutol in the Ochamchira region in the second half of the XX century - beginning of the XXI century. The author uses data from the All-Union population censuses of 1937, 1939, 1959, 1989, the 2003 Population Census and the 2011 Census of the Republic of Abkhazia, as well as current statistical data, archival and field materials and household registers. Following the Georgian-Abkhazian war of 1922-1993, socio-economic and political transformations that took place conributed to the migration from the village to other regions and towns of the republic from 1999 to 2022. Accordingly, the village population, the number of large families and the children in them decreased. The growth dynamics in pensioner households is noted. A decrease in the indicators of natural population growth, a change in the gender and age structure, and an increase in the number of single young people of reproductive age were revealed. It is noted that, in order to practically solve demographic problems, the state has instituted measures to stimulate the birth rate and support large families. Certain benefits and allowances, aimed at actively supporting large families in all areas of their life and at the legislative level still do not sufficiently address all the problems faced by large families.