Development of the digitalization of Russian economics: branch-wise

Almost all modern IT, used at industrial enterprises, products of digital economics and IACS support the implementation of managerial solutions. The permanent upgrading of its functional characteristics places specific demands on the organization of production activities of industrial enterprises. The need for its checking causes the change of dimensions of functioning of enterprises itself.

So, the intensive development of modern IT, products of digital economics and IACS causes, on the one hand, the transformation of industrial activities of enterprises up to the organization of new manufacturing units. On the other hand, the expansion of the spectrum of production activities of enterprises requires the timely processing of more and more volumes of different kinds of the information. In modern circumstances it already does not seem possible without the use of modern IT and of products of digital economics. From this the opinion can be made that the symbiosis of the production manufacturing and of modern IT becomes the key factor of successful activities of branch industrial enterprises. With great probability it can be affirmed that without the application of modern IT, products of digital economics and IACS main branches of industry will degrade unavoidably and drastically. Such an opinion is obvious enough, as at modern industrial enterprises the most part of production processes is being implemented due to the use of modern IT and of products of digital economics.

Research purpose. The main purpose of the research hereunder is to substantiate the need for the expansion of drives for the use of IT and of products of digital economics in activities of industrial enterprises in different areas, as well as the revealing of prospective areas for its implementation with the purpose of manufacturing of new kinds of the industrial production.

Оperative provisions. The need for the rethink of the role of modern IT and of products of digital economics in the organization of the whole complex of production processes is nowadays realized by the management of the most part of industrial enterprises from different branches. It is referred to a great extent with the expansion of functional capabilities of modern IT and products of digital economics, as well as with its representation as a key production resource. If at early stages of its use the function of modern IT and of products of digital economics has been mostly the servicing one, nowadays it directly impacts the implementation of innovations and the selection of development strategies of industrial enterprises in the nearest future. The use of the wide spectrum of ИТ-solutions on the basis of cloud technologies, artificial intellect technologies, Big Data, block chain, Internet of things and others open new possibilities for the enhancement of the efficiency of models of production activities of industrial enterprises. In these models is applied the new infrastructure of information calculation and processing. It assumes the digital transfor- mation of all production processes, starting from the generation of production manufacturing plans, its implementation, optimization of the expenditure of all kinds of resources, increase in labour productivity and ending by financial accounting systems, automation of the workflow and interaction with enterprise counteragents.

The need for the accelerated implementation of modern IT as well as products of the digital economics in the activity of industrial enterprises of all branches of economics is also supported by the state. So, in the 2017 the RF Government has approved the program of «Digital Economics of the Russian Federation » [4]. This document determines modern trends of the strategic development of Russian economics till the year 2025 branchwise. With that the key trend is the development of digitalization processes both in scales of Russian economics itself, as well as at industrial enterprises branch-wise.

Маterials and methods. As materials for analysis were used promulgated publications on basic trends of development of modern IT and on the application of products of digital economics in activities of industrial enterprises branch-wise. Also in the work were used materials from current legislative and normative legal documents, regulating the implementation of modern IT and of products of digital economics in the activity of industrial enterprises. Besides that in the research was used the data of one of consulting structures in the part of the evaluation of deterrents for the development of modern IT and the application of products of digital economics.

Research methods were based on the comprehensive approach, systemic analysis, processing and consolidation of information.

Results and discussion. Мany expert notice the drastic acceleration of the development of modern IT and of products of the digital economics. In nearest years this trend can be characterized by the exponential relation. Within the short time period IT have principally changed basic aspects of the modern industry. The inconvertibility of the transformation and digitalization of production processes forces industrial enterprises of all branches of economics to adapt to the environment of its activities as soon as possible. Let’s specify key trends of the influence of modern IT on the development of industrial enterprises.

Due to mobile solutions the organization of the modern industry assumes the use of such products of digital economics as tablet and even smartphone. The mobile communication, as well as the Broad Band WL allowed to concentrate all functions of the production control on portable devices: starting by the organization of the production process itself and ending by its provision with necessary resources; starting from the staff management and ending by its capacity building; from marketing campaigns to the search of its counteragents; from the sales of production to the modernization of means of its delivery; from the financial accounting to the evaluation of the effectiveness of production activities [2]. With that apparently mobile solutions can be used not only for the management of production activities of industrial enterprises, but also for the generation of consumers’ demand for the released production.

With cloud computing it became possible for industrial enterprises to transmit such functions as the processing of large masses of the semi-structured information and of blocks of the variable data to outsource organizations through Internet cloud services. It allows enterprises itself to concentrate on the optimization of production processes not hesitating as to the possible loss of the important information. The availability of cloud resources provides industrial enterprises with new possibilities for the development. Меanwhile only some years ago such possibilities have been inadmissible for the most part of enterprises due to its high cost.

The expansion of analytic capabilities of modern IT allows enterprises to analyze more and more information volumes in a short time frame. It results in the deeper understanding of consumers’ demands as well as in its structuring in more specified groups, what simplifies considerably the selection of prospects of development for industrial enterprises. The appearance of more and more upgraded analytic services among products of digital economics and IACS allow enterprises to segment market outlets, as well as to obtain additional preferences in the competition.

Modern IT, as well as products of the digital economics allowed to consolidate the information hardware and software, necessary for the IACS formation. Every day IACS generates new program solutions for the optimization of production activities of industrial enterprises. As a rule, such solutions are easily implemented and its cost is quite available, what, finally, facilitates considerably the activity of industrial enterprises.

Industrial enterprises use modern IT, as well as products of the digital economics for the integration of in-process communications. The IACS functioning allows to consolidate interests of different structures of industrial enterprises within one network, starting from industrial subdivisions and the financial service and ending by staff management and security services. Along with the growing of the number of on-line transactions grows the significance of the common work of both the finance management and security services in order to enhance the protection of such kind of transactions. Due to codes and individual passwords modern IT provide for the reliable protection of the digital information for industrial enterprises. The access to the information can be provided only to duly authorized persons. Along with the development of modern IT information security standards are also enhanced [5]. The implementation of biometric security systems allows to reverse the use of passwords. Certain IT-solutions for the safe protection of the digital information are to be made by management structures of industrial enterprises.

Most branch-wise successes due to the use of modern IT, products of digital economics and IACS were obtained by militaryindustrial complex and aviation enterprises. As a rule, at such enterprises IT-solutions are being implemented firstly, as well as used elements of the paradigm of digital economics. It allows enterprises of two branches to promptly change and re-adjust production processes, to upgrade the manufactured production, to upgrade production technologies, to master the release of new kinds of production. Enterprises of such branches are not only provided with orders, but also are financially supported by the state for the purpose of its successful implementation. The main purpose of the implementation of new IT – solutions as well as of elements of the paradigm of digital economics at enterprises of the military-industrial and aviation industry is to reduce the self-cost of the released production, provided the due level of its inherent specifications. This is just the reason for the top-priority implementation of MES and ERP information systems in its activities, providing for the more exact accounting and control of all production costs, organization of the operative planning and of the management of the load of production capacities, to follow the course of the sale of the released production with the breakdown by separate kinds for both each order and the whole enterprise.

Modern IT can be used also in the machine industry. Enterprises of this branch obtain additional competitive advantages from the use of the digital information as an important production resource. In the production activity of enterprises of the machine building industry are actively implemented information systems for the design and technologic planning of the industry, computer-aided learning, effectivization of the industry, technologies of the industrial Internet of things, platform for the analysis of the big data and the range of other information resources.

Nowadays the larger and large spectrum of IT-solutions is being implemented in the production activity of almost all branches with frames of the “Digital enterprise” concept [1, 6]. Among such solutions such information systems as CRM, ERP, PLM should be highlighted, аs well as systems for the enterprise preparation and management. The generation of the single information space is the outstanding feature of the functioning of such systems. This circumstance provides for the whole digital succession of the whole production process, starting from the moment of the order obtaining and ending by the release and sale of the ready production. The application of the such kind of information systems provide for the complex integration of production processes within the whole life cycle of the manufactured production.

The recent research, carried out jointly by Deloytte representative office in the CIS and the Center for Strategic Developments (CSD) foundation in 2019 showed that the implementation of modern IT in the activity of industrial enterprises in Russia is restrained by the whole range of factors. Factors, most restraining the implementation of modern IT, as well as the digitalization of industrial sector enterprises, have been revealed as a result of the respondents’ interview. The «Survey of the Industrial Sector in Russia – 2019» [3] has revealed most significant restraining factors. To such are referred such factors as the incompatibility of modern IT with the existing equipment (56%) and the lack of financing (54%). Such factors were followed by problems with the personnel, namely: lack of the qualified personnel (33%) and the lack of the top management motivation (29%) [3].

Results, obtained in the course of the performed research allowed to generate following opinions.

• 1.    Nowadays the important factor of the successful activity of industrial enterprises is the use of modern IT and of products of digital economics in the production process.

• 2.    The expansion of functional capabilities of both modern IT and of products of digital economics transforms the information to the key production resource, directly influencing the implementation of innovations at industrial enterprises, as well as the selection of its development.

• 3.    The influence of modern IT on the development of industrial enterprises is stipulated by mobile solutions, cloud computing, expansion of analytic capabilities, consolidation of the information software and hardware, integration of in-process communications.

• 4.    In respect to Russian economics leading positions in the informational support and digitalization of the industry are held by enterprises of the military-industrial complex, aviation, metallurgic, mining and machine building branches. Enterprises of such branches use different IT-solutions in its production activities.

• 5.    Meanwhile it is necessary to highlight that the spectrum of IT-solutions within frames of the “Digital enterprise” concept is being implemented step by step in production activities of industrial enterprises.