Diagnostics and treatment of sleep disorders in adolescents during orthodontic reception

Sleep apnea in adolescence is a frequent and at the same time underestimated pathology, the consequences of which can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, cognitive and metabolic disorders. The task of an orthodontist is to recognize and reduce the risk of developing the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in a timely manner. The purpose of this study was to collect theoretical data on OSAS, its effect on the body of adolescents, methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as to identify problems of diagnosing OSAS in early adolescence. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine in the Scopus and Medline electronic databases. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine in the Scopus and Medline electronic databases from 2010 to 2021, 47 literature sources were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the literature data, it was revealed that the reduction in the size of the oral cavity, mediated by the narrowing of the dentition, negatively affects the respiratory function of the body, exacerbating the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea. Orthodontic care is focused on the treatment of dental anomalies and pathology of the development of the facial skeleton. The expansion of the jaws, aimed at increasing the volume of the airways, is an integral part of the treatment and prevention of OSAS.