Dialectics debt under institutional transformation

The article reveals the essence and origin of the phenomenon of debt. The main stages (contemplation, internalization, externalization, social work) in the process of its formation and development, its basic meaning-constructs, the modalities and the determinants are identified. The debt is considered in the context of the value orientations of the individual and as a socio-cultural communication. The essence of this phenomenon is revealed as a particular social relation between people, due to the higher values of human existence. The author gives a critical review of various theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the debt problems in the world and national philosophical literature (marxist, existentialist, hermeneutic, postmodern). He puts forward and justifies the idea of need to respect the principle of determinism in the philosophical reconstruction of the debt phenomenon, defining its structure and content. As the most productive theoretical and methodological basis for the scientific understanding of the phenomenon of debt the author proposed the use of philosophical concepts of the domestic ideal of realism. Special attention is paid to such manifestations of the phenomenon of the debt, as the need to work, respect for tradition, the formation of patriotism and internationalism (a respectful attitude towards other ethnic groups). Relationship concepts of «duty» and «institution» within the framework of contemporary institutionalism is shown.