Dynamics of changes in the angle of the gnatic part of the face in the treatment of vertical occlusion anomalies

The use of modern or improved diagnostic methods in the treatment of patients with vertical occlusion abnormalities is still an urgent task. The possibility of using photostatic imaging has also been considered. The purpose of the work: To conduct a comparative analysis of photostatic images of patients with vertical occlusion abnormalities before and after orthodontic treatment. Material and methods:. The study involved 23 individuals with physiological occlusion, who formed the comparison group. In the first main group, the results of treatment of 11 patients with vertical incisor malocclusion were analyzed, and in the second group, 16 patients with deep incisor occlusion/malocclusion were analyzed. The angle of the nasal and gnatic parts of the face was analyzed in the profile photographs of the patients. From the point of the upper recess of the tragus, lines were drawn in a diagonal direction to the skin point "nasion" to the subnasal point "subnasale", and to the supramental point of the chin "supramentale". The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee. During the statistical analysis, the average value of the indicator and its error (M ± m) were determined, and the significance of the indicator was analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results and discussion: When analyzing profile images of people with physiological occlusion, it was found that the average value of the angle of the nasal part of the face was (29.92 ± 0.83)°, which corresponded to the optimal height of the analyzed section. The angle of the gnathic part of the face was (19.97 ± 0.43)°, which corresponded to the optimal height of the bite. When treating patients with vertical incisor disocclusion, the gnathic angle decreased from (25.49 ± 1.22)° to the optimal parameters. Patients with deep incisor occlusion/disocclusion showed an increase in the gnathic angle from 16.71 to 20°. Conclusion: Thus, the indicators of the angles of the gnathic part of the face can be used in clinical practice when determining the height of the bite, and as a criterion for the effectiveness of treatment of patients with abnormalities of occlusion in the vertical direction.