Diode laser technologies for treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of two operative techniques of treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - endoscopic diode laser vaporization and endoscopic diode laser enucleation. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment 96 patients with BPH, whose volume of prostate was up to 90 cm3, with diode laser technologies. All patients were randomized into two groups, according to the method of operative treatment. The first group consisted of 50 patients, who underwent diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLep); the second group comprised 46 patients after diode laser vaporization (DiVap). Results. The study has concluded that DiVap technology requires statistically significantly less time, in comparison with DiLep. The mean deepness of edge necrosis in prostate tissues was 0.5 mm in case of diodic laser vaporization and 0.4 mm in case of diode laser enucleation. The dynamics of objective indicators was unidirectional: we have recorded a statistically significant decrease in the volume of the prostate and a reduction of the volume of residual urine. We also noticed a drop in the scores of the IPSS and QOL questionnaires and the increase of the maximum speed of urination. Сonclusion. Diode laser enucleation and vaporization are highly effective and safe methods of operative treatment of patients with BPH, whose volume of the prostate is less than 90 cm3. Currently, diode laser vaporization provides less time for the surgery and for the post-operative period and, therefore, is preferable. An exception is the necessity of obtaining tissue samples for their histological examination and the presence of stones in the prostate. In these cases, it is advisable to perform diode laser enucleation.