The Calvo doctrine and its importance in the development of the institute of diplomatic protection

The study examines the Calvo Doctrine and its significance in the development of the institution of diplomatic protection. The first part of the article addresses the fundamental tenets of the doctrine formulated by Calvo in the 19th century, situating it within its historical context and analyzing how Calvo’s ideas regarding the rights of states to protect their nationals abroad became foundational for shaping international practices of diplomatic protection in Latin American countries. The second part of the article focuses specifically on the Calvo Clause, which restricts the application of diplomatic protection and serves as an important element for maintaining a balance between state sovereignty and nationals’ rights. In conclusion, the prospects and challenges facing the institute of diplomatic protection in the context of globalization and changing international relations are discussed. The article highlights the relevance of Calvo’s legacy in the context of modern legal and political realities.