Donors of stem structure features in the selection of the mustachioed morphotype of peas for the Siberian region

The research was carried out in the laboratory of leguminous crops breeding of the Omsk ASC in the zone of the southern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. Aim of the research is to identify effective donors from promising sources of stem structure features for breeding. The object: five initial varieties of Siberian peas selected by us as promising sources of productivity elements and donors of monogenic signs of manufacturability - mustachioed leaf type (af) and strong attachment of seeds (def); 20 diallel F1 hybrids obtained in the field in 2015 and 2016. Hybrids together with their original forms were studied in 2016 and 2018. The predecessor is spring soft wheat. Sowing (in the 2nd decade of May) and hand harvesting in the phase of full ripeness. The experiment was repeated two times. The area of plant nutrition is 5×40 cm. The crop structure was analyzed in 15 plants from each replication. The evaluation of the source material combinational ability was made by the length of the stem, the number of nodes up to the 1st bean and productive nodes from the plant - according to the method of Griffing (1st method) as presented by R.A. Tsilke and L.P. Prisyazhnaya. It has been established that the Triumph of Siberia, Omsk 18 and Altai Usatyy varieties are valuable donors of technological elements: the mustachioed type of leaves, strong attachment of seeds, short stem. But when using them in breeding in order to create genotypes with a strong, relatively stable stem of medium length, it is necessary to take into account the high level of heterosis along the length of the stem in the first hybrid generation - the prevalence of positive overdominance in the manifestation of this trait in hybrids (85-90%). The Triumph of Siberia variety is also a valuable donor in breeding to increase the number of productive nodes (high General Combining Ability and low Specific Combining Ability).