Don teachers - deputies of the State duma of the Russian empire (1906-1917)

The article deals with the parliamentary activity of deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Empire - the don teachers. Biographies of such figures as F.D. Kryukov, V.A. Kharlamov, M.S. Voronkov, A.S. Petrov, I.I. Ushakov, and A.A. Nazarov, suggests that belonging to the Magisterium, is not accidental, but an immanent factor in the socio-political and personal destiny. In the framework of the "Duma monarchy" they have reached a high social status that allowed them to draw the government's attention to the shortcomings of his policies in the Cossack issue in public education. Don of a teacher, elected in composition of the I-IV State Dumas 1906-1917, was of the Cossacks, had higher or specialized education. Behind all of them had substantial teaching experience in traditional school or in secondary schools - gymnasia and real schools. At the time of election to the Duma they are considerably proved as in the professional field and in various positions in administrative and public structures of the police, including dealing with issues of public education. The range of issues that the don deputies, including deputies of the teacher, considered in the State Duma, included as issues on a national level, and those associated with livelihood directly from the don region. From this group of problems is necessary to distinguish the question of public education. In the Area of the don Cossacks developed a certain contradiction: on the one hand, people's education were of class character, which was reflected in a larger number of schools in Cossack villages and farms compared to peasant settlements, on the other hand, showed the government's commitment to limit after the revolution of 1905- 1907 the development of a secular secondary education in the Cossack regions in order to prevent the dissemination of scientific information and spiritual "decossackization". Autocracy in need of preservation of the Cossacks primarily as a military-police forces that have caused bewilderment and indignation of the deputies. The Duma and the subsequent political activity to a certain extent reflect some regularity in the development of Cossack intellectuals of the South of Russia. Became bitter opponents of the Bolsheviks, the don of the teacher -Duma members as the leading representatives of old Cossack intellectuals, regularly appeared in the ranks of the counterrevolutionary White movement, dividing his tragic fate.