Two ideals of the "man of the future": the search for the twentieth century

The article is devoted to different versions of the idea of the ideal person as the "Future Man". The authors believe that there is no single general anthropo-cultural ideal in society, but there are at least two basic views: the ideal person as a person of the elite as opposed to the unworthy masses, and the humanistic image of the "best man" as a representative of the idea of humanity and equality. The authors believe that there is no single general anthropo-cultural ideal in society, but there are at least two basic views: the ideal person as a person of the elite as opposed to the unworthy masses, and the humanistic image of the "best man" as a representative of the idea of humanity and equality. The authors turn to the ideas of Nietzsche, liberal-economic views, fiction, showing the type of "exemplary person" of social-Darwinism, focused on selfishness and exploitation. As the authors show, "elite-oriented" can be concepts that assume themselves highly spiritual. In contrast to the inhumane views, the article examines the views of the early Karl Marx, who formulates for all mankind the ideal of a person freed from all kinds of alienation, briefly describes the humanistic models of the "new man" belonging to such outstanding humanist authors of the twentieth century as the personalist Mounier and Freudomarxist Fromm. The article emphasizes that, on the one hand, the humanistic image of the "standard man" is always connected with the idea of the society of the future as a better world, and on the other - that humanistic ideas, including secular ones, somehow date back to Christianity. At the end of the article, the authors draw conclusions about the need to cultivate the humanistic ideal of a person who rejects selfishness and exploitation of others and offers a path of benevolent communication.