Ecological-economic preconditions of politicians transition to alternative source of the energy

The transition to the high-tech production of the goods (services) has two principal aspects. First, it should enhance the level of the greening the national economy. Second, the business entities must be financial and economic motivation for the economic activity, resource conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. In the upcoming term economic development is important to create investment and tax environment conducive to the solution of the most important tasks of the modernization of the Russian economy, especially its leading branches of industry.

The relevance of this strategic direction of the government and corporate entities of the economic practice also emphasizes the need for implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, joined the Russian Federation. As you know, a project as one of the three "flexibility mechanisms" of the Kyoto Protocol offers industrial companies to more actively involve secondary natural resources in the production process 3, p. 7. The solution to this problem involves the alleviation of global environmental issues, reflecting the climate change, the general pollution of the environment, generating acid rain and other effects on the environment of mankind. There are many options for greening of human activities, but, in our opinion, it is time to work more focused on reducing energy consumption and increase in the use of industrial and household waste 10, p. 28. The urgency to develop a set of measures for handling non-traditional energy sources at the national, regional and corporate levels dictated by the following main reasons:

• a)    global-environment: the long-known and is proven that the harmful environmental impact of traditional energy producing technologies (including fission and fusion), the application of which will inevitably lead to catastrophic climate change is already in the first decades of the XXI century;

• b)    Political: The country, which was the first to fully explore alternative energy, can qualify for the world championship and actually dictate the price of the fuel resources;

• c)    economic: the transition to alternative energy technologies will save fuel resources of the country for processing in the chemical and other industries. In addition, the cost of energy produced by many alternative sources, is now below the cost of energy from conventional sources, and the payback period of construction of alternative power is significantly shorter. Prices for alternative energy are reduced to the traditional - is constantly growing;

• d)    social: the size and density of the population is constantly growing. It is difficult to find areas of nuclear power plant construction, power plant, where production of energy would be safe for the environment and reduces the area suitable for agriculture land. Generally known facts of growth of cancer and other serious diseases in the areas of nuclear power plants, large power plant, the fuel and energy complex, well-known for the damage caused huge lowland plant. All this leads to the social tensions;

• e)    the evolutionary-historical: the existing traditional power - it is a factor rapid depletion of the limited fuel resources on Earth, Rise catastrophic changes in the atmosphere and biosphere of the planet. Movement in this direction the economy is a dead end. Consequently, the innovative development of the society should include immediate, but gradual scale technological transformation transition to alternative energy sources (hereinafter - alternative energy sources) 5, p. 35-36

At present, the energy needs of the economy and society are provided mainly by three types of energy: fossil fuels, water, and the atomic nucleus. The scale of production and consumption of energy, metals, water and air to produce the required amount of energy to mankind is huge, but the reserves are rapidly declining resources. Consequently, the rapid depletion of organic natural energy resources already included in the agenda of the current federal policy of modernization of the economy, which should take into account the different fuel component (Table 1) in the unit cost of the energy produced □ 1, p. 1

Table 1

Comparative characteristic quantities of the fuel component of the heat using different fuels,

These facts indicate that the fuel cost component using heat biofuels (particularly, wood chips and sawdust) is the lowest. This gives reason to believe that the use of biofuels is cost-effective.

Another important problem of modern industrial society - the preservation of nature, clean air and water. Both allows us to emphasize that the transition to alternative energy sources - this is the most rational solution to the current situation, since the main advantages of alternative energy sources is their environmental friendliness and inexhaustible □ 7, p. 32 □. We not only denote the cause of the importance of a speedy transition to alternative energy sources, but also prove that the use of biofuels should be considered one of the options to expand the scope of the use of alternative energy sources. So far, unfortunately, biofuels in power less than 2%, and, of course, can not be practically important tool to protect the environment from harmful emissions in the whole country. But the resources of biofuels in the country are diverse and volumes. This is primarily wood waste processing and recycling (sawdust, shavings, wood dust, wood chips, bark, branches and off-grade wood), as well as wood pellets (pallets and briquettes), agricultural residues (sunflower husk, straw, rice husk, millet, etc.). In addition, there are special plantations of "energy", trees and shrubs, there are biofuels for the production of liquid and gaseous fuels .., 6 million tons of oil equivalent per year. Large volumes of grain production of biofuel in Russia are not provided in connection with the unrealized potential of urban solid and liquid waste, agricultural waste and biomass dying forests. Production of biofuels in the Russian grain reaches 3.1-3.6 million tonnes of oil equivalent per year1.

What are the environmental benefits of biofuels, the economic conditions to increase its consumption? Immediately, we refer to the state of scientific and technical program of the Russian Federation "Clean Energy» 4, p. 2 . It as one of the priority areas in the field of the alternative energy considering the widespread use of the energy potential of biomass 6, p. 9-12. To do this, there are a number of the objective reasons:

• 1)    the country is more than sufficient biomass which can be used as fuel. These resources are not monopolized by giant companies, their value is not affected by the global markets. Often biofuel resources can have even a negative value, since otherwise they should be disposed;

• 2)    The rapidly developing export-oriented manufacturing sector of fuel pellets and briquettes needs to develop the domestic market, which could provide some stability to markets and thus reduce investment risks. Interested producers of biofuels to make a lot of the demand for its products in the country (supply boiler equipment, carry out propaganda work);

• 3)    development of the market of equipment for burning biofuels, as well as the infrastructure of the biofuel market in Russia is gradually equalizes economic indicators boiler fossil and renewable fuels. Simply put, the burning sawdust, wood chips or fuel pellets on an industrial scale, as well as for heating private homes, in many cases it is not less favorable than burning coal, oil or gas. Biofuels are produced from, say, wood waste, can be as technologically advanced as natural gas or diesel fuel, and much more convenient to coal or fuel oil;

• 4)    after the Russian ratification of the Kyoto Protocol renewed efforts to attract foreign investment in the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. One of the directions of this activity - development of mechanisms of trade quota Tami on greenhouse gas emissions 9, p. 64-72

In practice, this means that any business in Russia is able to get a substantial financial resources for the translation of his boiler for renewable ecologically clean-

Hence the two principles to improve the energy management of the industrial enterprises. First, the mandatory element of their economic and commercial-tion strategies should be substitution of non-renewable primary energy alter-native sources of differing ecological purity and a lower unit cost. Second, to support initiatives application specialists and burning bio-fuels, dramatically reducing emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen, fly ash. When the emissions of carbon dioxide will tend to zero due to the balance of plant uptake of carbon dioxide and release oxygen, then we can talk about socially responsible for busi-ness to save the Russian people. And that, perhaps, should be gauge the success of peo-fight modernization strategy of the state, saying the economic leadership8, p. 76.