Economic professional - development strategy for the economy

The gradual and sustainable development of the modern state is closely tied to the reform of its education system. In the era of globalization, information and communication technologies and increasing competition in the global arena, investment in human capital has become a decisive force [1]. In recent years, attention has been paid to deep structural and institutional changes aimed at gradually reducing state participation in the national economy, like all developed countries. The strategic infrastructure of natural monopolies - changed the form of ownership to investigate the many economic opportunities of the railways [2]. The process of responsible change put new demands on its participants.

The process of preparing economists for the railroad industry involves the development of a set of capabilities that may be required for practical activities. Without pretending to describe it in detail, consider some of the most important aspects.

First and foremost, the economist's ability should be based on the knowledge of the economic theory, regardless of the area he works. It is such a foundation that it is impossible to succeed without any practical task. The transport economist should be a skilled economist who can evaluate these processes with theoretically full-armed, but not a narrow specialist, who sees the processes taking place in the railway system. To do this, he must be not only aware of the theoretical principles, but also be able to act upon them, apply the theory to practice, that is, he must be fully aware of the issues of general economic theory.

The second important aspect is to know the economic theory of transportation. It has its own characteristics, based on the general economic theory. To understand that particularity, it is necessary to have a general understanding of transport as an integral part of human activity. Also, without exaggeration, it can be said that this is a bit more complicated than industrial or agricultural production. That is why the statistics of railway transport or the cost analysis are considerably more complicated than other sectors of economic activity.

Consequently, a transport economist should be an educated economist on the one hand and a specialist in transport. This kind of comprehensive preparation is not required in other areas. The answer to the question is where to train economists for the transport complex. This work should be carried out in the specialized transport higher education institutions (which you can not create in the transport industry).

The history of the Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers (founded in 1931) confirms the validity of these theoretical considerations by its graduates, both in the administrative and command economy and in the transition period to the market economy, and even today - the complexity of the market conditions in each of us. service.

After the description of the most common requirements regarding the competence of a transport economist, we will be able to examine specific requirements based on them. The economics translator can be divided into two parts:

• •    The ability to apply specific sciences;

• •    Interdisciplinary focus on common tasks.

Of course, the transport economist is primarily interested in the marketing of freight and passenger traffic. But this is not going to happen. Transportation market movements are considerably larger than transportation and operator operations. This includes a variety of issues, such as repairing, manufacturing, and servicing various technical services. Formation of perspective forms of business in the strategy of "Uzbekistan Railways" and development of each of them requires active work.

The marketing sector, characterized by the demand by the claimant, must be further strengthened by the proposal, and must be co-ordinated with the capabilities of the economy in the broader sense of exploitation. Leading role in this is related to knowledge and skills in cost management. The most important thing is not to finance them at the expense of the government (though this is a very important aspect), but also the cost optimization.

The railroad economist should be able to use the methods of expense optimization due to the exploitative factors, namely, the strength of the trailer and the wagons' cheapest routes, and so on. This, in turn, requires a good degree of competence in the transport process technology, a good understanding of the relationships between different indicators, including the study of statistics. Obviously, in order to address the cost optimization tasks, you need to have a deep knowledge of how to analyze and calculate the cost of transport. Consequently, it is necessary for them to learn the interdisciplinary attitudes in order to succeed.

When it comes to optimizing costs in modern conditions, it is impossible to remember the concept of life cycle. The economist should systematically review all costs relating to the life cycle of the equipment and should wisely choose the best options for their purchase and use. Therefore, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the formation of such an ability. At the same time, special attention must be given to the ability to work in the field of labor savings. But there may be organizational, social, or other innovations that are not technically relevant. Innovations and economic perception of innovation should be based on training specialists in higher education institutions.

The ongoing global crisis has once again demonstrated that the financial markets are closely linked with the "real" economy, as well as the economies and industries of different countries. Therefore, the economist must first be able to address macroeconomic (including the conjuncture of the global economy) as well as within the sector in terms of financial analysis and financial management, and in the economic conjuncture.

As the 19th-century French economist Claude Frederick Bastia points out, a good economist should not only be "seen" but also "something invisible." [4]

Another important feature is economic mathematical modeling and forecasting techniques. The most delicate aspect of this is to avoid realism and to look at the results of modeling on the basis of economic logic. It is noteworthy that Paul Samuelson, Nobel Laureate laureate, "is unlikely to see the future of the economy clearly ..." [5]. This means that the actual value of economic indicators is lower than the actual value of the forecast, which is not the imperfections of the methods of forecasting and should be regarded as the main feature of economic reality, in that sense it differs from mechanical processes. Therefore, it is necessary to be prepared for such tawafuts and their inevitability.

Personnel competence is crucial for any economic activity, in particular for railroad transportation. In the demographic situation, which is more complicated and predictable, it is important to use labor resources effectively. Therefore, every economist should have the necessary skills in this field.

Now about the ability of two oral developmental subjects.

Undoubtedly, it is extremely important to know the methods of assessing the economic effectiveness of investments and to use modern software applications.

With the investment needs increasing, in the conditions of low investment opportunities, it is necessary to spend every sum allocated for new construction or reconstruction. Thus, the value of the scoping business is also important. It is crucial that you build a well-planned business plan that covers all current issues: from market analysis to investment efficiency.

Finally, one must say that the pinnacle of economic development is knowledge and skills in strategic management. Modern development is a development based on innovation-based approach. That's why it is impossible to overcome the knowledge and skills in the area of innovation management when talking about the competence of a transport economist.

Economy - material prosperity or production resources are not the science of money flow. He is a fan of human activities. His focus is on the subject of a movement that seeks to improve its position. This implies the choice of what actions to follow after economic analysis and economic calculations, and the implementation of these actions, the adoption and implementation of management decisions. This is why economic research is being carried out. It turns out that for the economist it is necessary to have a systematic ability to manage the management system as well. Even the so-called "economistmanager" necessitates that.

Noisy statuses. First of all, it means knowing the peculiarities and areas of rational use of different types of transport and understanding of the possibilities for their effective coordination.

In the context of globalization of transport, the logistics capability is also closely linked with this. It also needs to be highly qualified in the field of transport technology and technology. This will allow them to evaluate the effectiveness of their implementation in a qualitative manner. That is, the transport economist requires a certain degree of engineering training. It is not surprising that alumni of economic faculties of higher education institutions that train specialists in the field of transport are formerly an engineereconomist.

We emphasize once again - economy is a science about human activity, which is carried out under concrete historical conditions and reflects the peculiarities of the people's culture and psychology. Therefore, the economist needs to have adequate qualifications in the field of humanities.

With the integration of our country into the increasingly globalized world, the need for foreign languages has grown dramatically. However, it is inadmissible to ignore this and ignore their native language in professional practice. Because rarely a few experts can clarify the issues they are dealing with and explain their conclusions, whereas the language is not only a means of communication, but also a tool of thought.

The art of verbal art is more perfect if it is filled with presentation skills (this is really art). Even if it is not filled, it does not change, because in most cases we find that the experts have the ability to write their text as a slide, but they do not have the ability to describe it as a text.

Every economist, in particular the economist of the transport complex, needs to be competent in economic geography and geopolitics.

We have already mentioned the need for economical-mathematical methods, mathematical modeling. Of course, this also implies the economics's general mathematical knowledge.

Thus, we see that the list of features of today's transport complex has a long list of features. There are many other features, however, because this theme can be continued indefinitely.

Another important attribute. The economist must be observant. Formation of stabilization funds, implementation of various economic scenarios, business plan options and programs, strict observance of the security limits of financial indicators - all these are elements of economic surveillance. And, of course, progress would be more sustainable if observation becomes more and more economical and non-economical.