Economic risk in trading transactions

In a transitive economy, completely new conditions for the purchase and sale of goods are born. Each trade or production enterprise should clearly define in what form at this stage of competition it is on this type of goods, what is the organizational and economic viability of competitors, what methods they use when conquering the market.

Here, the author sets the task of determining the risk of one trade operation, reducing it to a minimum with multivariate approaches to the transaction. The basis is not the method of trial and analysis of errors committed by the entrepreneur and competitors, and the method of analytical factors and calculations.

The risk of a trade transaction arises: when buying domestic goods; when buying goods in the form of raw materials for further processing and sale to legal entities or individuals; when reselling to legal entities and individuals.

In the first case, the risk can be determined, according to the author, lost opportunities, i.e. the entrepreneur could buy the goods at a price lower than the transaction. The reason here may be a lack of information about the possible options for the purchase of such goods. If there is practically no product with lower acquisition costs, the risk factor for the acquisition of raw materials or goods will be zero. There are options when the purchase may be cheaper than the market, i.e.

the risk factor will be negative. But it already speaks more about the insolvency of the seller as a market participant.

In this case, the risk factor characterizes the benefits of managing losses from wrong decisions and wrong actions of specialists and managers. In the second case, the risk of the enterprise is that, buying raw materials, risks to overpay for it, and the risk is to increase the time for the sale of more expensive goods produced from the purchased raw materials. Possible profit is such profit which could be received by the enterprise, releasing production from the same raw materials with the minimum term of realization and the greatest profitability. Actual profit is the profit received in current prices, reduced to a comparable period.

Reduction of risk factors in all cases contributes to complete and accurate information about the main elements of the market (demand, price, supply and competition) for this product in the region of the entrepreneur. Information sources and methods of accumulating information may be different. The sources include formal and informal. Official sources can be accounting and non-accounting. In essence, the economic analysis of the accounting should include: accounting and reporting; statistical accounting and reporting; operational accounting and reporting; some random credentials. These data can be taken as far as possible both in the enterprise and in other enterprises.

In consumer cooperation, more than anywhere else, there is a system of accounting of products of farmsteads, which allows reducing the risks of trade and procurement operations and increasing their efficiency. The accumulator of information can become information departments, the separate experts creating constantly operating data Bank on all types of the goods which are in circulation of consumer society. These departments and specialists can be informants of ideas for the sale of goods, reduce economic risk in transactions.

The adoption of the Tax code and changes in approaches to taxation rates and it has become a certain period (period of adaptation), the main factor, etc. In the process of moving goods from procurement to sale to the public multifactorial risk is obvious. Almost all factors are interrelated and interdependent. However, for a deeper consideration of the impact of each factor on the value of the risk factor, it is necessary to consider each factor separately. The impact of costs (cost factor) on the promotion of goods from production to a particular consumer (buyer) is an important factor, and it is no less important than the factor of implementation, as it affects pricing and demand. In the business environment, there are certain attitudes to risk. They are determined by:

• a) the level of training of entrepreneurs; b) the level of the business environment; c) the purpose and objectives of the activities or – in this case – transactions.

The classification of these relations by different authors is treated differently. From all, according to the author, it is possible to formulate the most objective.

• 1.     Risk aversion – the reluctance to have trade deals at risk. This is

• 2.    An indifferent or neutral attitude to risk, or a situation where there is a "fiftyfifty" ratio in the transaction, i.e. risk and efficiency are calculated, guarantees are given for obtaining calculated efficiency and the absence of unforeseen risks. This is facilitated by the lack of reliable information or the inability to obtain it, which is typical for transactions on little-known goods.

• 3.    Risk search-the desire or preference for a risky position in transactions. Here, losses can be more likely than profits. The risk increases with the consignment. Therefore, it is more reasonable to" test " the goods by the buyer to produce small batches. In various types of competition, the cost factor has an ambiguous impact on the risk factor of the transaction. Cutting off the price factor, we consider the cost factor in the conditions of pure competition, when the market price for a certain product is equilibrium. In this case, the increase in the cost of product promotion is associated with the risk of losses. The percentage of the Cape

possible with a pre-calculated result. In this case, it is possible to reduce the risk to a minimum or to zero. This operation can be called risk-free, especially when the efficiency remains guaranteed or strong with increasing costs or unexpected costs. This situation is possible when trading outdated goods and a stable range of goods.

can be very high, but this does not mean that the entrepreneur does not risk losses, since the cost of promoting the goods can be very high.

The implementation of these activities will contribute to the further development of the tourism market and the integrated development of related industries in the region.