Economic security as a basis for the national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy, its position in the domestic and global markets is closely linked with the reflection of the capacity of economic, political and legal institutions of the state and to protect the interests of national economic traditions and values of their constituencies. This is the essence of the concept of "economic security of the country." Opinion that the revival of Kazakhstan is closely linked with the economic security of the country attracted the attention of scientists, politicians, population. Such attention is not accidental. Tried to minimize the threatening danger - are not allowed. Significant and responsible role of science in the development of the concept of economic security. It is not just about verbal exercises and not about finding beautiful formulas, various classifications of hazards. It is crucial to reveal the essence of the problem, identify the real threats to offer a reliable and efficient methods for their reflection. Economic security is one of the most important national priorities. World experience shows that guarantee the independence of the country, the condition of stability and efficiency of the society. Therefore, the object of study -a national economic system of the country, the subject of research - socio -economic reproduction processes in the national economy, the purpose of work -consider the role of economic security in the national security of the country.

Economic security affects almost all aspects of life in the state, society, the economy is part of an overall system of national security. Consequently, its development must be considered in the overall context of the formation of the national security state. Socio-economic, political and international changes in the course of reforming the post-socialist economic space, affecting the entire complex of relations and structures in the field of international and national security and fundamental character. Considering their long-term strategic considerations, it is possible to objectively identify the following elements emerging in the transition to a market economy:

transition in international relations from the concept of the balance of power to the concept of balance of interests;

movement of ideology and national security structures confrontational type towards models based on equal partnership and international cooperation;

addition the principle of protecting the territory of the principle of ensuring the safety of individuals.

Determined that the security measures provided by the system of economic, political, institutional and other measures that adequately reflect the threats to the vital interests of the state, society, the individual, as well as a unified state policy in this area.

National Security Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan from the perspective of a multipolar world in which, along with military force factors, the role of economic, political, scientific, technical, environmental and information conditions.

The weakening of the scientific, technical and technological potential of the country, reducing research in strategically important areas of scientific and technological development, the outflow of overseas experts, scientists and intellectual property threaten Kazakhstan loss of leading positions in the world, the degradation of high-tech industries, increased external technological dependence and undermine defenses.

The negative trends in the economy largely underlie the separatist aspirations of some subjects the Republic of Kazakhstan, which leads to political instability, disruption of a single economic space  th and weakening its major components - production and technology and transport links, financial and banking, credit and tax systems.

Economic disintegration, social differentiation of society, devaluation of spiritual values enhances the tension in relations between the regions and the federal center, presenting a threat to the federal structure and socio-economic structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Becomes particularly acute threat of criminalization of social relations. Increase in crime and corruption contribute to serious mistakes made in the initial stage of reforms in the economic, military, law enforcement and other areas of government activity. The consequences of these errors appear to weaken the legal control of the situation in the country, merging the individual elements of the executive and legislative branches with criminal structures, penetration of the latter in the area of government banking business, large-scale production, trade organizations and distribution networks.

Threat to national security and create a deep division of society into a narrow circle of rich and poor citizens predominant mass, increase the proportion of the population living below the poverty line, an increase in unemployment.

The main challenges in the field of national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan are currently recognized:

timely forecasting and identification of external and internal threats to national security;

- Implementation of operational and long-term measures to prevent neutralization of internal and external threats;

the territorial integrity of the country, the security of cross-border area;

rise in living standards and the economy, overcoming the scientific, technical and technological dependence of the country;

observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

improving the system of government, federal and local government, legislation at all levels, strictly enforce the law all citizens, officials, government agencies, political parties, social and religious organizations;

mutually beneficial cooperation with all countries of the world;

maintaining a high level of defense capability of the state.

creating favorable conditions for the international integration of the Russian economy;

expand markets for Kazakh products;

legal support for the reforms and the creation of an effective mechanism for monitoring compliance with national legislation;

increased state regulation of the economy;

take the necessary measures to overcome the consequences of the economic crisis, the preservation and development of scientific, technological and production potential, the transition to economic growth while reducing the likelihood of man-made disasters, improving the competitiveness of domestic industrial production, the rise of welfare.

Criteria and indicators for the economic security of the national economy

There is a close relationship with the economic security of the system of national interests. Through her woven together the problems of economic potential and economic power.

Analysis of the main indicators of economic security of Kazakhstan.

Foreign economic activity.

The positive balance of Kazakh budget is due to the high prices of fuel resources in the world market. Kazakhstan's exports from January to August 2013 amounted to 346.4 billion and imports of 213.5 billion dollars. Most of the export earnings of the export of oil, gas, metals and other natural resources. Changes in the structure of exports towards the manufacturing industry is the most important task of our state.

Gross domestic product - the total value of final goods and services produced in the territory for a certain period of time (a year). He is one of the main indicators of quality of life. More objective measure of national economic growth is real GDP - is the value of all economic goods and services in a given period, calculated in the prices of a fixed base year. Do not forget that the conditional growth ceiling in Russia is far more than in other countries. For this reason, in the 90s were tasked - doubling GDP by 2012, for this purpose the annual increase was 7.2%.

Demographic Indicators

Understanding of the quality and quantity of manpower involved in the creation of the social product can be obtained using the basic demographic indicators.

Analysis shows negative development trends. Many young families are hesitant to start more than one child, fearing the housing and financial difficulties. Going annual natural population decline. The number of children per woman Kazakhstan lags far behind countries such as Sweden or Norway. Also decreased life expectancy. The average citizen of Kazakhstan live 15 years less than, for example, Japanese. The reason for this is the socio - economic instability. The second leading cause of mortality in Kazakhstan dominated alcoholism, drug abuse, murder, suicide, occupational injuries, accidents, etc. Observed migration of skilled labor in the Western countries and the influx of cheap from neighboring countries.

Criminalization of society

This issue is also important. From year to year in our country is growing crime rate. For 20 years it has grown by almost 2 times. In general increase in the number of serious crimes - murders, robberies, robberies, economic crimes, as well as in the field of drug trafficking. Besides increased levels of corruption, and increased detection of cases of bribery - 4 times in 15 years. Cars on the roads of Kazakhstan has become a lot more, though, and decreased traffic violations (about 4 times), driving culture is getting worse every year.

Standard of living

Living Standards Assessment gives dismal picture. The average wage of less than 15 000 does not allow Kazakhstani citizens to meet their needs, with the exception of the primary needs. In addition, one in five Russians still have incomes below the subsistence minimum.

Energy

Energy security is an urgent problem, the reasons for this, not only to the limited natural resources in the nature of the fuel and energy consumption growth, but growth in the share of Kazakhstan in the energy balance of Europe. The first modern state energy sector makes to talk about its own energy security, while Kazakhstan is ready to become a guarantor of energy security of Europe.

Currently energy security in Kazakhstan mainly thanks to old production facilities. But the degree of depreciation of fixed assets by the end of 2011 increased the fuel industry - up to 60%. The greatest growth has occurred in the power of aging. According to experts the process of active aging physical and moral development of energy equipment and limit the service life will continue until 2015 Energy can be significant brake on the development of the country in the long term, which makes the special relevance of energy security.

Conclusion

Thus, the analysis of the main indicators of economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan, despite some positive trends, such as GDP growth and real incomes, falling inflation, has identified a number of existing and potential threats to ensure a favorable socio - economic development of Kazakhstan. Addressing the economic security of Kazakhstan has become one of the most important tasks of the state. Obvious need for a comprehensive and in-depth approach to the economic security of Kazakhstan.