Economic theory in the system of economic sciences

Economic theory and other economic sciences should increasingly take into account the results of studies of others sciences at least as certain limiters (social, moral, legal, etc.). In this regard, economic theory, as well as all economic sciences, is confronted with the question of its place in the system of other sciences. In a series of sciences of economic theory, in our opinion, belongs a special place. Since the center of her research is a man in all the wealth of his economic manifestations, she inevitably to a greater or lesser extent is associated with a wide range of sciences, occupying an intermediate position between humanitarian and natural knowledge.

Economic theory also serves as a general basis for a number of economic sciences, which are divided into specific (industry economics, agriculture, business economics, national economics, etc.), functional (finance, credit, etc.), information and analytical (statistics, economic modeling, etc.) and historical (history of national economy, history of economic thought).Let us follow in more detail the relationship of economic theory with the individual sciences. Economic theory has its own specific methods and approaches to the analysis of economic phenomena and patterns, but the most common of them came from philosophy and various philosophical schools. Such is the method of scientific abstraction, which allows to identify economic patterns, functional relationships, select and define economic categories. It is this method that makes it possible to distract from insubstantial, superficial facts and phenomena and to form logical concepts that more or less adequately reflect reality. Of course, abstractions are poorer than the full-blooded phenomena of life, but only because of them can one see order and law in apparent chaos.

The answer to this question also lies in the field of philosophy. And although there are different points of view on this, the following is important. Since the process of cognition is a movement, an approach to absolute truth, then, naturally, it gives rise to the existence of a multitude of economic theories, concepts, and hypotheses. Not one, not even the most perfect of them, could embrace all sides of absolute truth. Therefore, all theories and hypotheses have the right to exist with the exception of those that contradict the norms of universal morality. In the specific historical conditions of a country, the same absolute truth can and must have a concrete expression in the form of a special, specific concept of economic development, which in turn is based on general economic theory. A.F. Losev expressed this idea in the following way: "Absolute truth as absolute freedom is a model, program and law for any relative singularity, which each time in its own way solves its own historically given problem ...".Absolute and relative truths in economic theory find concrete expression in the form of scientific truth.

Hegel wrote: “The true form, in which truth exists, can only be its scientific system.” Inside the economic theory itself there are additional criteria:

consistency, consistency, empirical verifiability. The final assessment is still in practice in its entirety. However, this is the most general principle. Many statements of economic theory cannot be directly and directly verified by facts of reality, and the fact that the theory itself corresponds to facts of economic life, which is part of the evidence, is still Leko is not sufficient for evidence, because people themselves are subjective facts are collected and compiled. In view of the particularities of the nature of human thought stey facts sometimes inadvertently fitted to the theory.

The final test of economic theory occurs only when it comes to practical recommendations for economic policy and entrepreneurship. Moreover, such recommendations are only temporary, that is, a historical criterion, since the transition from one practice to another constantly occurs. Philosophy also says that the criterion of progressiveness should be used to evaluate economic theory. The theory should not only be true, explaining the existing state of affairs, but ultimately substantiate such economic models and systems at the micro and macro level that contribute to the development of the productive forces of society. Economic theory is interconnected with psychology: personal and social (social). Moreover, the interaction here, in contrast to the philosophy, is twoway. Economic theory is quite widely used psychological patterns. These include, for example, the well-known psychological laws of John. M. Keynes: the tendency to accumulation, the tendency to invest, the preference for liquidity and such widely used notions as the degree of satisfaction with material goods and services, the degree of individual freedom in the subjective perception of man and etc.

The findings of social psychology make it possible, when formulating economic policies and building models of general economic development, to take into account the peculiarities of national psychology, traditions, and religious beliefs, which, as experience has shown in some countries, can give a powerful additional impetus to economic growth Confucianism in the

East).Economic theory ultimately sets itself the task of creating a series of models or systems of a general and particular nature, which must be embodied in the national and world economy. To accomplish this task, legislative support is necessary, i.e. need a system of national laws and international legal acts. In this area there is a close relationship between economics and law. For the development of a market economy, the state should at least legally provide: first, guarantees of private property in general and the rights of private entrepreneurs -in particular; secondly, the conduct of the state fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policy; thirdly, the protection of the economic rights of hired labor and non-working citizens. Economic theory interacts with the natural sciences. This is most clearly manifested in the use of mathematics: from elementary algebra and geometry to higher mathematics and its special sections - linear algebra, game theory, service theory, and others. Mathematics makes it possible to carry out a quantitative analysis of economic processes, building economic and mathematical models, prediction, finally gives visibility economic regularities.

Natural factors and scientific and technical achievements are involved in economic processes. And although the selection of options for the use of resources and technologies occurs primarily on the basis of social and economic criteria (efficiency, employment, availability of foreign exchange reserves, etc.), the choice of the type of technological development, not to be, plays an important role in modern conditions. on the one hand, on the “sidelines” of civilization, and on the other - not to cause irreparable harm to the environment. Now the human impact on the environment is so large that it is comparable with the forces of nature itself. Therefore, for example, in a new way, the problem of economic growth appears. We are not indifferent to what natural factors it has achieved. In this regard, theoretical economics, as well as specific economic sciences, should to a greater or lesser extent take into account the conclusions of the natural and technical sciences.

Finally, it is impossible not to note the relationship of economic theory with etiquette. And here the relationship is seen in several directions. This is not a complete list of them.

• 1.    Economic theory as a whole currently has a so-called moral imperative, which is based on ecology, i.e. the relationship between man and nature.

• 2.    The moral element is present in the determination of individual and social needs, interests and incentives.

• 3.    There is an ethics of entrepreneurship. Thus, economic theory develops in close connection with a wide range of scientific knowledge.