Electrotechnical complexes of heliotechnical devices: a generalized classification

Автор: Sologubov A.Yu., Kirpichnikova I.M.

Журнал: Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Энергетика @vestnik-susu-power

Рубрика: Альтернативные источники энергии

Статья в выпуске: 1 т.19, 2019 года.

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The need to systematize the existing electrotechnical complexes of heliotechnical devices (ECHD) is due to their growing quantity, diversity, and element base. In the proposed publication, a generalized classification of the ECHD is made over a wide range of parameters that characterize the ECHD as a separate class of devices, as their diversity and features are sufficient to describe the ECHD as such. The classification herein proposed analyzes in detail the whole structure and possible layout solutions, an effort enabled by the well-developed modern elemental base for the design of the ECHD. Using this classification enables a more precise, detailed and verified structural synthesis of the ECHD, which will help the solar engineering engineer to better understand and justify a set of technical solutions in the design, construction and operation of ECHD classes. Only electric drives are considered.

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Electrotechnical complexes, heliotechnical devices, solar panels, collectors, rotary mechanism, electric motor, sun-tracking sensor, control system, systematization, classification

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147232716

IDR: 147232716 | DOI: 10.14529/power190104

Текст научной статьи Electrotechnical complexes of heliotechnical devices: a generalized classification

The need to systematize and classify the ECHD at the present stage is due to the growth of their quantity, diversity, and also the element base. Until now, there has been no generalized and most detailed classification of the huge diversity of the ECHD. There have been attempts to classify ECHD both in our country and abroad [1–14]. However, in the process of studying them, incompleteness of these classifications was revealed: they consider either a single classification feature or a narrow group of classification characteristics.

Thus, in [2] a classification is considered only in terms of power. The need to systematize and classify the ECHD as of today is due to their growing quantity, diversity, and element base. Until now, there has been no generalized and sufficiently detailed classification of the diverse ECHD available. Both Russian and nonRussian scientists have made attempts to classify the ECHD [1–15]. However, thorough analysis reveals the incompleteness of such classifications, as they consider either a single classification feature or a narrow group of classification characteristics. Thus, paper [2] presents a classification based solely on power. Only rotary mechanisms are considered in [1, 5, 7]. Papers [3, 4, 6, 12, 14, 15–18] present a rather broad review of literature, while still being obsolete as of today as they do not include a number of new classification characteristics (type of rotary mechanism, type of sensor and algorithm). Papers [10, 19] present only a sensor classification, whereas paper [19] ignores some of the new developments that existed at the time of writing it. Paper [11] presents a rather narrow classification of some mathematical algorithms for con-

trolling the positioning of the receiving surface of the ECHD by means of stepper motors.

Statement of Problem

The authors hereof attempt to classify all the diversity of the ECHD existing both in Russia and abroad, to expand and supplement the existing classifications.

The paper presents the basic groups, into which electric drives may be divided by the 14 most common criteria:

1. Power [2].
2. Trigger type [20].
3. Support-rotary mechanism type [7, 21].
4. Coordinate motion type [20].
5. Gearbox use [20].
6. Type of servomotor-to-actuator transmission (gear drives only) [20].
7. Type of electric machine used [4, 12, 21–31].
8. Sun-tracking sensor type [14].
9. Sensor-signal type [14].
10. Spatial position control algorithm type (for controlling the electric drive coordinates) [2, 32–38].
11. Type of communication with the main control computer (if any) [39].
12. Place of installation [18].
13. Foundation type [18].
14. Environment type [18].

Theory

According to GOST R 57229–2016 (IEC 62817: 2014) Photo-Electric Systems. Devices for Tracking the Sun. Technical Specifications [18], the photovoltaic system is a system that converts solar energy

Table 1

Electrotechnical complexes of heliotechnical devices: a generalized classification

№	Classification feature	Characteristics
1	Power	a) Small (power output from fractions of kW to 1 MW)
		b) Average (from several MW to 10 MW)
		c) Large (> 10 MW)
2	Trigger type	a) Individual ECHD
2	Trigger type	b) Combined ECHD (e.g. as part of a solar farm)
3	Support-rotary mechanism type	1. Uniaxial:
		a) Horizontal-axis
		b) Vertical-axis
		c) Inclined
		2. Biaxial:
		a) Horizontal main axis
		b) Vertical main axis
		c) Inclined main axis
		3. Modified biaxial mechanisms:
		a) With passive supports and posts
		b) Rotary
		c) Coordinate-interdependent
4	Coordinate motion type	a) Rotational
4	Coordinate motion type	b) Translational (linear)
5	Gearbox use	a) Gear drive
5	Gearbox use	b) Gearless drive
6	Type of servomotor-to-actuator transmission (gear drives only)	a) Worm drive
		b) Cylindrical drive
		c) Bevel gear
		d) Planetary gear
		e) Eccentric gear
		f) Screw (screw-nut gear)
7	Type of electric machine used	a) DC (commutator) motor
		b) Stepper motor;
		c) Brushless DC motor (switched reluctance motor)
		d) Asynchronous motor with squirrel-cage rotor
		e) Linear electric motors

Table 1 (end)

№	Classification feature	Characteristics
8	Sun-tracking sensor type	a) Differential four-quadrant
		b) Collimator
		c) Pyramidal
		d) Spatial multi-channel
		e) Video and web camera with a vision system
9	Sensor-signal type	a) Analog
		b) Digital
10	Spatial position control algorithm type (for controlling the electric drive coordinates)	1. Open-loop (astronomical and mathematical algorithms for calculating the solar position)
		2. Closed loop:
		a) Linear algorithms
		b) With artificial intelligence methods (neural networks, fuzzy logic etc.)
		c) Automatic optimization systems (terminal control)
		3. Combined control algorithms
11	Type of communication with the main control computer (if any)	a) Wired
		b) Wireless
12	Place of installation	a) on the ground
		b) on the water;
		c) on a building (roof, wall) or another facility
		d) integrated in the building/facility
13	Foundation type	a) deep foundation
		b) on-surface foundation
14	Environment type	a) clean
		b) conditionally pure
		c) industrial
		d) maritime
		e) maritime-industrial

Conclusion draft SoW and specifications for designing and devel-

The proposed generalized classification can used oping future ECHD. It can also be used for creating to analyze and study the existing designs, as well as to curricula to train specialists in related majors.

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