Essence and content of aesthetic culture

The aesthetic culture of the subjects of society is an element of spiritual culture.

As can be seen from this list, aesthetic culture does not cover the entire content of the spiritual culture of society.

Aesthetic culture is a state of consciousness and orientation of the world outlook, of the whole spiritual world of people, reflecting the artistic culture of society through categories of the beautiful, sublime, tragic, comic, and others.

The history of the development of aesthetics as a world science goes back to ancient antiquity, to ancient mythological texts. Always, when it was a question of the principles of the sensual expressiveness of the creations of human hands and nature, a unity was found in the structure of objects and phenomena capable of communicating feelings of emotional uplift, excitement, disinterested admiration, i.e. traditions of aesthetic analysis were laid. So there was an idea about the world of expressive forms (created by man and nature), which are the subject of human reflection.

Art means everything that relates to art, the reproduction of reality in artistic images. For example, fiction, artistic creativity, artistic thinking, art school. The concept of "artistic" expresses and refers to works of art (demonstration of works of painting, sculpture, graphics, etc. as art exhibitions). Artistic means also characteristic of works of art, the content or style of the activities of their creators. For example, realism, surrealism, avant-gardism are inherent not only in the works of painting, but are its genre directions. They also point to the style of artistic creativity of the creators of such works. The category "artistic" is also used to emphasize the individual characteristics of a person, his makings and direction: the child's artistic inclinations, the artist's talent.

Generalizing the understanding of the category "artistic", we can emphasize that the content and types of the diverse activities of representatives of art, folk art culture are reflected in this category in the form of sensory or abstract-logical images of consciousness that differ from the images of science, politics, religion, etc. ; the introduction of signs of visual, musical, theatrical, dance, variety and other forms of creativity in them.

In combination, the signs form the content of the concept of "artistic". It is due to the reflection of the features of artistic creativity on the "three levels": a) at the level of fixing the signs of nature, the man himself, human culture; b) at the level of formation of signs of artistic thinking in the consciousness of the subject; c) at the level of "connection", the integration of signs of the material world and the signs of artistic thinking in the immediate process of artistic creativity. Therefore, the concept of "artistic" differs from another, the concept of "artistic image" that is close to it, a multifarious form, a broad degree of generalization of the features of artistic culture and its species.

The category "artistic image" means an emotionally colored display by means, methods and forms of art, mass culture and popular artistic creativity of the objective and subjective world in a specific form of creativity. Thus, the artistic image in music differs from the artistic image in painting or circus art in that it reflects the reality by means and methods of musical creativity, contains the signs of music as an independent form of creativity. Artistic images in literary art are associated, as a rule, with specific characters, their character, behavior, communication and activity, morality or immorality of the content of life, etc. Natasha Rostov in War and Peace by L.N. Tolstoy, Eugene Onegin in the novel of the same name in verse А.С. Pushkin, Vasily Terkin in A.Tvardovsky's poem, Mihail Pryaslin in F.Abramov's novel "Prjasliny" - characters whose artistic images are high examples of creativity, differ in features and genre characteristics. But these are concrete images of the individual-personal or generalizing style, the result of the writer (prosaic) or poetic creativity of their creator. In artistic images, realism is combined with fantasy, the strictness of the transfer of artistic and aesthetic signs with freedom and incompleteness, personification with abstractness or typicality.

The artistic image is difficult to form without referring to more concrete categories of aesthetics: beautiful, sublime, tragic, comic, etc.

Beautiful - a category that reflects the characteristics, condition or form of an object that are characterized by perfection, harmony, completeness, measure, uniqueness, symmetry, proportion, rhythm. This is a generalized, synthesized definition, the ideal theoretical model of beauty.

Fine has, as it were, different degrees of expression: less beautiful, more beautiful, beautiful, beautiful, etc. They characterize the person's value attitude to beauty, its completeness and completeness. One of the understandings of beauty, beautiful is the correspondence of the form of an object or artistic image to its content. The beautiful correlates with the ugly as its antipode. In the ugly there are no signs of beauty. Often ugly in artistic creation is used to enhance the perception of the beautiful.

Sublime is a category reflecting a significant and stable, possessing great strength of spirit or influence on a person's inner world, on his behavior, communication and activity. The sublime includes the philanthropy, love of God, the pursuit of perfect ideals, civic-mindedness, courage and heroism, state and national patriotism, other signs and elements. For example, SL Frank believed earthly love to be a prose phenomenon, not giving the true, last meaning of life. The prosaic meaning of life "... the highest, absolute good that fills our life" is higher. This supreme good must be eternal, divine.

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