Factors of unfavorable prognosis for myocardial and coronary revascularization using hybrid and step-by-step percutaneous interventions and carotid endarterectomy

Aim. The study aimed at analysis of unfavorable prognostic factors and creation of a prognostic model for choosing the optimal strategy for cerebral and myocardial revascularization using carotid endarterectomy (CEE) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Material and Methods. A total of 263 myocardial and cerebral revascularizations were performed using PCI and CEE in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis and concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease from 2011 to 2017. Depending on selected treatment strategy, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 133) comprised patients with stepby- step interventions in different sequences (CEE and PCI); group 2 (n = 130) comprised patients who underwent hybrid interventions (CEE + PCI). A binary logistic regression was performed with step-by-step inclusion and exclusion of predictors in order to identify predictive factors in the long-term period. A multivariate analysis was also performed, and the odds ratios were determined.Results. The analysis allowed to identify the significant effects of certain factors on death, favorable outcome (the absence of significant adverse cardiovascular events), and the availability of revascularization. The following protective factors increased the probability of favorable outcome in the general sample of patients throughout the entire follow-up period: the absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), EUROSCORE II score of less than 1.5, compliance with prescribed therapy, no need for repeated planned revascularization in the long-term period, no emergency hospitalizations in the long-term followup period, PCI via the radial access, and CEE using the classical method. The statistically significant factors in the created model included surgical risk score by EUROSCORE II scale (for the total sample of patients and for the staged and hybrid strategies) and the coronary lesion severity by SYNTAX Score (for the total sample of patients and the hybrid strategy). It should be noted that the hybrid strategy was associated with a significantly greater availability of revascularization during the follow-up period compared with the step-by-step strategy.Conclusion. An important outcome of this study was a comprehensive analysis of a wide array of factors (clinical-instrumental, anatomic-angiographic, and perioperative), which allowed to identify predictors of adverse (favorable) outcome in the long-term follow-up period in patients with combined coronary and cerebral lesions when using PCI and CEE as the revascularization strategies.