Methods for assessing the risks of complications in patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. Review

The work is based on the analysis of literature data devoted to the problem of assessing postoperative complications in patients with primary and incisional hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. The main purpose of this review is identifying existing methods for assessing local, general perioperative complications and determining of the most reliable prognostic scales and methods for assessing risk factors among the existing ones.The first part of the article is devoted to the assessment of the general condition of patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. The existing scales for assessing modifiable risk factors (MFR), methods of preventing complications, including abdominal bandage, are considered. The main risk factors were determined: CDC wound class, patient age, hernia size, smoking, diabetes, risk 3 and higher according to ASA.In the second part, the assessment of risk factors for complications from the surgical site is considered. The problem of terminology standardization, the difference between surgical site infection (SSI), adverse surgical events (SSO) and surgical site occurrences requiring procedural interventions (SSOPI) is described. Scales for assessing the risks of perioperative complications are presented. The evolution of SSO assessment methods from a four level to a three level scale is described. The Russian experience in assessing the combination of MFR is presented.The third part describes the importance of evaluating post traumatic stress disorder in patients as a risk factor for an unfavorable course of the postoperative period. The European EuraHS QoL Questionnaire, recommended for use in the European Hernia Registry, is presented. The section also highlights the relevance of the selection of patients with hernias in outpatient surgery and one day hospitals.The main idea of developing modern methods for assessing complications after hernioplasty is a comprehensive assessment of the patient's individual profile before operations for primary and incisional hernias in different risk groups. Priority should be given to tailored specific electronic questionnaires.