Family values and social education of young parents in the modern society

The research works of the social provisions of the modern Russian family show protracted crises (V. I. Antonov, T. S. Dobrenkov, T. S. Zubkova, L. V. Kartseva, N. V. Timoshina, etc.). This is fully characteristic of the modern young families experiencing significant difficulties caused primarily specific social functioning and the instability of modern society, some researchers as a risk society (E. Giddens, W. Beck, J. Rittser, N. Luhmann). These authoritative comprehensive interdisciplinary research on the state and trends of the Russian youth in general point to an adverse change in the quality of the young generation, deepening generation gap, talk about finding the country's stage of demographic crisis [14]. The question is raised about the loss of family values among the youth, social strains and threats for a young family (Y. Zubok, V. I. Chuprov, E. A. Bocsa, E. M. Chernyak, etc.).

In general, the research questions of family values are reflected in psychology (L. S. Vygotsky, N. D. Dobrynin, V. V. Ilyin, I. S. Kon, K. K. Platonov, D. N. Uznadze, etc .) and education (S. P. Akutina, V. I. Perevedentsev, V. A. Titarenko, etc.).

The scientific analysis of the phenomenon of the family and family values has been developed in the several research paradigms. From the point of view of the consideration of changes in family relations problem of family values is central to the crisis paradigm (A.I.Antonov, V.A. Borisov et al.) In her state of the family as a social institution and the stability of the society as a whole due to the position of family and extra-family (individualistic) values in shared values. Representatives of the crisis paradigm of the main values of marriage and family readiness spouses called to fulfill family roles in key areas of life. Case study on the functioning of families in Russia, leading researchers to conclude that the family suffers a crisis of values, and it needs a radical reorientation of value systems. In terms of the paradigm of modernization (A. G. Vishnevsky, S. I. Golod, M. S. Matskovsky, etc.), the transformation in family and marital relations are considered as evolutionary changes in the family and family values towards egalitarianism and democratization at the Institute of Marriage and Family.

There is a need to classify family values on the objects that make up the subject of evaluation. Traditionally they are usually divided by elements of communication within the family and the functions performed by the family as an institution. These two classifications agree on some points, but each of them allows us to consider some types that are not considered different. In the first case, subdivided into three groups of family values and related to a marriage, the values associated with parenting, values associated with kinship. A second version of the classification of family values can be represented by a family running a social function. In reproductive function -the value of children as a function of socialization – the value of participation by both parents and the older generation in the education of children in the existential function - the value of family communication, the value of family support, the value of health, well-being and maintain longevity of family members, the economic function – the value of family business, family consumption.

There are, in our opinion, debate, but very interesting classification. For example, in S. P. Akutinoy value is considered to have spiritual and moral context of the national culture. There are four groups: national cultural self-worth and blood family natural and geographic bases of education of spiritual and moral values in the family, social and national core Russian family and family education, the higher (absolute) moral values of the family. Designated group of family values are divided into generic and specific value [1, p. 13].

Attractive to our point of view expressed by BB Khubiev whereby education and educational functions of the family becomes a priority in moving to a new type of society. Education, self-education, the ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems materialize in achieving self-sufficiency and family reproduction of human resources [13]. However, in recent studies, which produce tangible family values, personal and spiritual family values, revealed that ‘the spirituality of young people selected as the lowest rank of the group, as opposed to the parents’. And as the value of education is simply not considered or is designated in the context of the prestige of the profession [2].

The complexity of detail in the conceptual apparatus is connected with the fact that, along with family values researchers identify value orientation. For example, L. Savin [8] considers the value orientation of the family in different areas of marriage and family, highlighting: the scope of pre-marital behavior and choice of a marriage partner, relationship, marriage and family relationships, marriage and family roles. The author also examines the social, socio-cultural and ethologi-cal values; characterizes the functions of the family, the value of children and reproductive attitudes spouse, separately identifies the family as a social institution, providing an opportunity to implement a set of different values (marriage, parenting, kinship, as well as a social and cultural formation of human values: love compassion, care about people, and so on). It does not separate family values and values, family values is when the system of family relations.

During the considering the family values, this approach seems to us the most appropriate, but consideration of family values and values, you can specify, reviewed the structure of family values in the areas of marriage and family, while highlighting the scope of pre-marital behavior and choice of a marriage partner, the sphere of kinship, parenthood sphere, the sphere marriage and family relations, the sphere of marriage and family roles and marriage. It is based on classification of the functions of the family, designed M. S. Matskovsky [5]. This approach allows, on the one hand, the present value of the family as a system, where the relationship, role and function combine marriage and family started in a unit in the main spheres of the family, on the other – to identify the transformation of the family values in the present stage of the development of the family and marriage different areas of marriage and family.

The scientific interest for the research of the family values and issues of the social education of young family for the authors is the scope of parenting, which includes a system of interrelated events, such as parental feelings, roles, parent-child relationships, attachment to children, parenting style. A special role in this field, among other family values plays kids who are the main indicator of the family in a traditional society [3, p. 175].

We believe that the particular significance in this area of parenting is a risk society is education (social education) as a specific social value. [7] Today, the scientific community says about the mission of social education as a fundamental phenomenon of modern times (V. G. Bocharov, V. I. Zhukov, L. V. Mardahaev, V. N. Yarskaya). According to researchers, it is in the social for- mation, part of which is the social education; training, ‘the general population’ may reproduce a certain mentality, social and cultural systems of the major principles of the semantic orientations of life and ideals of youth [12, p. 297]. For young people, a family planning and birth, the value of the social development and education (learning the basics of law, psychology, pedagogy, development communication, institutional competence, and so on) in a modern society is becoming extremely unstable current.

To identify the specific value orientations and issues related to social development and education in the family, traditionally living in the Russian North, the Department of Social Work and Social Security NArFU was a series of the studies (total surveyed more than a thousand respondents). In one survey involved 182 families (husband and/or wife), living in the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. By training the respondents was as follows: 55.5 % of families with special secondary education, 28.6 % – higher education, 15.9 % for typical mixed type of education (the husband has a higher education and specialized secondary wife or vice versa). In the field of parenting priority value are children, their relationship, issues of education. Thus, 82.7 % of respondents do not represent life without children, 33.5 % have a feeling of deep affection for their children. However, in the north, where the children were traditionally value is changing. In our study, 3.4 % for parents, children are a burden (‘interfere with work, personal life’, the parents of their ‘suffering’). The study showed that in matters of family education families are experiencing major difficulties. This is due to several reasons: lack of free time - 70.8 %, lack of uniform standards in education – 21.1 %, non-standard requirements for the child – 17.5 %. Parents recognize that over-employment and lack of psychological and pedagogical knowledge of their age children may lead to negative manifestations of their relationship to the child, and thereby transform the values of the family.

The question ‘how do you evaluate the relations of children to you?’ the Answers were distributed as follows: ‘love’ answered 64.3 % of the parents, ‘very attached’ – 23.4 %, ‘indifferent’ – 2.0 %, ‘aggressive’ – 2.5 %,’suffering’ – 7.8 % of respondents. About the time that the family (parents) pays children's education, common answers were ‘half’ – 37.9 %, ‘three hours’ – 31,3 %. Only 21.4 % of respondents can perform an educational function during the day, while there is a direct dependence of the implementation of parenting Planned Parenthood.

In the field of marriage and family relationships are particularly important issues that concern the family and, therefore, complicate the functioning of the family as a small social group. Among the issues of particular concern: physical problems – 51.4 %, training and education – 45.8 %, the health of family members – 36.3 %, poor quality housing – 24.0 %, and relationships with children – 22.9 %. We were alerted by the fact that much less important for families is education of parents (of 3.9 %). Moreover, respondents living in rural areas, do not consider ‘parental education’ problem of the modern family.

Given that in the most general form values have three characteristics: First, they are characterized as both objective and subjective, and secondly, all the things that people seem positive, it makes sense only because of the presence of its antipode, and thirdly, the relationship between opposites is limited to some subjectively determined by the limit beyond which the debate about values makes no sense, considering the family values in the context of social development and education of the family, we focus on the following. Objective component of treatment education as a value is the need of the state and society in the reproduction of a ‘complete’ human capital, and subjective – the need of parents in the social competence for full family functioning. Antithesis of education, the social competence is an unprecedented scale of ignorance among young people in today’s modern parents. A limit beyond which the ‘discussion’ really lose all meaning, can become the complete destruction of the Russian people.

To address this critical national problem, we propose to consider the role of the Institute of the Social Education of the family (family social education), during which the family can be understood by new parents as a social value. We proceed from the assertion that the social value – a ‘significant phenomena and objects of reality in terms of their agreement or disagreement to the needs of individuals, social groups and society as a whole; the socio-cultural preferences of people in relation to various objects and phenomena that can meet the needs of individuals, serve their interests and goals, moral and aesthetic imperatives developed human culture and is a product of social consciousness’ [9, p. 183].

Based on the statement of the researchers [8], that the social values in the structure of the individual in the form of the personal values are important regulators of behavior, it can be argued that the numerous instances of deviation related to illegal, inhumane behavior of parents towards their children, showed no mechanisms in the modern society formation of such values, ‘regulators’. For example, domestic violence, neglect, sexual exploitation, and the like are, in practice, the social norm.

Certainly, ‘postmodern’ family value orientations associated with the transition from modern to post-modern, post-industrial society, correlate with the findings of post-industrial and postmodern theories, according to which the nature of the modifications to the pre-industrial society (traditional) to industrial (modern) and the industrial (modern) to post-industrial (post-modern).

At the same time, substantial changes related ‘cultural turn’ (cultural turn) or the so-called ‘paradigm shift’ (L. G. Ionin, G. I. Gerasimov, M. Y. Lotman; G. L. Tulchinsky, M. N. Epshteyn, P. Shtomka, K. Hübner, I. Lakatos, etc.), actualize type of values, which remains intact in any social change is a human value orientation. The complexity and dynamism of the transition sociocultural situation is producing a basis of social interactions at the institutional and ordinary levels, leading to a revision of the established value judgments. As noted O.I Volzhina, ‘in these conditions the value of family culture, which... taken as a matter of course, questioned, as well as the sociocultural stereotypes of the traditional forms of marriage, parenting, relationship’ [4].

It is appropriate to recall that for a long time there were public stereotypes that ‘interference with the family’ is not valid and must provide the family to solve their problems. However, such a model could work successfully in traditional families, where the uptake of family values occurs naturally, ‘automatically’. Today, these values must be consciously and deliberately create. In the creation of a social pedagogy we associate with the term ‘aksi creative’, which means ‘the process of generation, growing on a person or group of new, or regeneration and decision reconsidered in his personal and individual values of social and other values’ [11, p. 9–10].

P. A. Sorokin believed that stop crises (including the crisis of the family), humanity can not, however, to make the constructive plans for the future of the society, to find the most painless transition from one culture to another, mitigating the devastating affects – the task of the scientist. Sorokin idea that only a global value-internal reorientation of the society can be the guarantor of its stability, it seems to us aksi creative in nature and is for us to some extent, the leadership [10].

The use of the Aksi creative approach for the modern Russian family life, especially the young, in the long term can help resolve the contradictions that exist between the individual and the high social status of the family and the observed destructive tendencies in its development. However, further study of family values and values of the family in the context of place in the modern transformation of Russian society is particularly relevant, as it facilitates a better understanding of the mechanisms of formation of the system of value orientations of society as a whole, including the Russian Arctic.