Fascism: a sociological study and determining factors in the conditions of the new subjects of the Russian Federation

The issues of criminological prevention of manifestations of fascism in the liberated territory of the new subjects of the Russian Federation are investigated. The relevance of the topic is determined by the tasks of criminological theory and practice of countering fascism. The theoretical part of the study contains a generalization of the achievements of criminology. Modern fascism is defined as an ideology. The social structure of the fascist sense is designated by the term “community”. The main ideas of fascism are highlighted: superiority over other social communities; leadership; elimination of alien communities up to their physical destruction; the idea of messianism. According to the main ideas of fascism, its signs are highlighted: 1) the appearance; 2) the meaning of the wording of the statements used; 3) behavioral stereotypes; 4) the cultural code. The hypothesis of the existence of the determinants of fascism in the liberated territory of the new subjects of the Russian Federation is formulated. The hypothesis was tested using a sociological method. The developed questionnaire takes into account the requirements of mutual control and mutual addition of the questions posed. The survey covered representatives of the student body demobilized from the ranks of the People’s Militia of the DPR. The distribution of respondents by gender and age corresponds to the social structure of the new subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the survey, the following determinants of fascism that have developed in the liberated territory of the new subjects of the Russian Federation have been identified: the consolidation of signs of fascism in behavioral and semantic attributes; an acceptable attitude to manifestations of fascism; the readiness of social structures developing in the liberated territory to perceive fascism. The negative influence of individual opinion leaders who allow statements of extremist content has been established. It is shown that structural features and behavioral stereotypes correspond to the criminal subculture. Attention is drawn to the possibility of a negative impact from ideological opponents aimed at introducing fascist content into established social communities. The directions of criminological prevention of fascism are formulated. It is recommended to reach young people with the influence of political parties and social movements with anti-fascist ideology.