Features of modern government

The state is a form of political organization of society. Its main purpose is to protect the existing social system and order by influencing the activities and behavior of people by will, authority of power, coercion and other methods. The sign of the state is the presence of a certain territory, to which its jurisdiction extends, as well as the law that enshrines the system of sanctioned norms, special bodies and institutions that exercise power functions, i.e. control systems. In the scientific literature, management is considered in different aspects, and, accordingly, different content is invested in its concept. This means not just different approaches to management, different aspects of it, but the understanding of the very (meaning, content, purpose) of management, on the basis of which its concepts are formulated. All the variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of “management” is due to the versatility and complexity of this unique phenomenon.

In scientific publications, management:

• •    is characterized through the term “activity”, meaning that management consists of specific types of human labor, recorded in forms adequate to them;

• •    is revealed as a special relationship in human life: in a hierarchical social structure, this relationship is, as a rule, vertical in character and is associated with the presence of the superior side of the ability to powerfully express and implement their will;

• •    considered in the form of a relationship, because it really is part of the system of social relations and forms certain relations between people, both “vertically” and “horizontally”;

• •    defined by the term “impact”, which indicates the main thing in management - the moment of influence on the consciousness, behavior and activities of people.

The essence of management is most adequately disclosed by the term “control action”, i.e. a real motivating, compelling, changing and transforming influence on the consciousness, behavior and activities of people. Unlike the usual impact, the control impact certainly includes several basic elements: analysis and foresight, goal setting, organization, coordination, regulation, motivation, control, evaluation of the results obtained and planning new steps. Thus, the concept of “management” can be defined as purposeful (conscious, deliberate, thoughtful, planned), organizing and regulating the impact of people (and the institutions created by them) on their own, social, collective and group life activities for specific purposes and interests. Management can be carried out both directly (in the form of self-government), and through specially created state, economic, political-party, public, etc. structures.

Public administration in the narrow sense is the management of the affairs of society by the executive authorities through the appropriate form of executive, administrative and control and supervision activities. Public administration in this sense has a clearly expressed organizing, coordinating and administrative character. The need for public administration stems from the need to ensure the implementation of state policy aimed at the effective use of natural, labor, material and information resources, fair redistribution of income and guaranteeing basic social rights, maintaining public order. The functions of state administration are implemented through the administrative functions of state bodies. By the subject of influence, by volume (scale), by means and by the nature of the impact on the control object, they can be divided into social-organizational and intra-organizational.

The social and organizational functions of state administration are aimed at all the variety of social processes occurring in domestic life. They contain the main meaning of the state's management activity, and realize its purpose in fulfilling its obligations to society. The intra organizational functions of public administration are aimed at organizing, streamlining, enhancing the activity of all structures of the state apparatus, giving it certainty and dynamism.

According to the content and depth of influence on the system of social relations, the functions of public administration are divided into general and specific. The general functions of public administration reflect the essential moments and are present in almost any administrative interaction of its subjects and objects. In the theory of management, the following are distinguished among the most significant functions: organization, planning, forecasting, motivation, regulation, control. The specific functions of public administration are embodied in specific manifestations of the whole variety of situations that arise in practice, where it is necessary to act only on behalf of the state, realizing its competence.

These include the functions of law enforcement, holding elections and referendums, state statistics (population census), licensing of activities, regulation of special legal regimes (presidential rule, state of emergency, free economic zones) and a number of others. Management methods are methods and techniques of purposeful influence on the participants in management relations in order to implement management functions and solve the assigned tasks. In the case of public administration activities, management methods can be considered as methods and techniques of power and management influence on society and its individual segments in the process of exercising the powers of the state to streamline public relations.