Features of the business terminology of the English language

Terminology is one aspect of language that has developed with particular intensity in recent decades. The term, in turn, is a word or phrase that relates to the concept of a certain organized field of knowledge (science, technology), which enters into a systemic relationship with other words and verbal complexes and form with them in each case and at a certain time closed system, characterized by high informativeness, unambiguity. According to M. Glushko, a term is a word or phrase to express the concept and meaning of objects that have, due to the precise and strict definition, clear semantic boundaries and therefore unambiguous within a certain classified system.

The study of terms and their features were engaged in such scientists as O. Akhmanova, T. Znamenskaya define the term as a linguistic sign that represents the concept of a special, professional field of science or technology.

But what is the linguistic nature of the term? First, the term is an integral part of the lexical system of language. Secondly, the terms differ from other categories of words by their huge information content. The main requirement for the term is unambiguity. In general terms, this requirement is implemented in two ways, as there are two categories of terms:

• •    general scientific and general technical terms;

• •    special (nomenclature) terms.

The term can be formed on the basis of the native language or borrowed both from a neutral terminological bank (international Greco-Latin terminological elements) and from another language, but in any case, it must reflect the features of this concept.

Terms do not exist in the language itself, but as part of a certain terminology. Terminology, as a system of scientific terms, is a subsystem within the general lexical system of language. According to Akhmanova, terminology is a system of concepts of this science, enshrined in a certain verbal expression. If in the general language the word can be ambiguous, then, getting to a certain terminological system, it becomes unambiguous. The specificity of terms as a special layer of language is that they are formed in the process of production and scientific activity and therefore function only among people who have the appropriate scientific realities, macro context. Therefore, unlike general words, the unambiguity of which in linguistic communication is provided by a situation or linguistic context, the unambiguity of the term is regulated by extra linguistic macro context or linguistic micro context.

Context is understood to mean the language environment in which a language unit is used. Thus, the context of a word is a set of words, grammatical forms and constructions in the environment of which the word occurs. Within the general context, a distinction is made between narrow (micro context) and broad (macro context). Under the micro context understand the context of the sentence, ie the linguistic units that make up the environment of the unit within the sentence. Under the broad context means the linguistic environment of the unit, beyond the scope of this sentence --textual context - is a set of language units in adjacent sentences. The exact scope of the macro-context cannot be specified - it can be the context of a group of sentences, a paragraph, a section or even a terminological system as a whole.

Considering the problem of defining the function of the term business vocabulary, the source system can be taken as a system of functions of a common word, because any term is based on a lexical unit. In general, the function of the term is understood as the role it plays as a means of defining a general concept.

As you know, lexicologists distinguish four main functions of the word: nominative, significant, communicative and pragmatic. Researchers such as G.A. Tarkhov, VMGordina believe that the implementation of these functions in terminology has its own characteristics and it is difficult to disagree. English language business terminology

Like every lexical item, the business term is undoubtedly characterized by a nominative function. The term refers to certain concepts, features, properties of concepts, but in a slightly different way than the general word: business terms nominate clearly defined concepts that relate to the business sphere of human activity and all its branches.

Regarding the significant function, it should be noted that both the business term and the common word are signs, but the term always denotes a concept.

It is also undeniable that the business term has a communicative function. It indicates its ability to serve as a means of transmitting certain semantic information. Adequate perception of the essence of the phenomena depends on the accuracy of the term, although in the process of information exchange there may be adjustments and clarifications of the transmitted information.

There are also a number of functions specific only to the term. For example, the definitive function, which in the structure of terminological knowledge has become the main, because the term is equivalent to a certain concept.

In the process of terminology, the sound shell of a word or phrase already existing in the language is used to denote a new object or phenomenon for the purpose of special communication. When nominating such a special concept, not any commonly used words are used, but only those.

Thus, terms are subject to terminological laws and the laws of language in general, because they are both signs of a special system and units of lexical composition of a particular language. Therefore, they are characterized by both specific functions and functions inherent in the vocabulary of general literary language in general.

Democratization of public life, the development of a market economy today are actively contributing to the formation of state language policy. In such conditions, the ability to master business speech and use management terminology becomes especially important. After all, it is known that the official business style is used in writing laws, diplomatic documents, which determines its special status in the style of modern language.

For documents used in public administration, the internal norm requires compliance with the rules of official business style, ie the official document uses those language tools that are specific to business speech. And not any other functional style.

The choice of constructions that most accurately correspond to the opinion determines the conciseness of speech - one of the most important features of business communication. Tokens do not need to be further explained or clarified, as this will burden the text and the redundancy is not inherent in the business style.

The norm of business style is the language types that function most clearly in the texts of public administration in a certain historical period.

Established norms of word usage play a particularly important role in business style, as they regulate the text of the document.

A feature of the official business style is the presence of a terminological system that is permanently formed in the languages of public life. Managerial terms in the majority, as well as commonly used words, are formed on a derivational basis. However, the word-forming means of terminology is a certain system.

Thus, the above methods of formation of business style terms are inherent in the Ukrainian language. We came to the conclusion that a business document should arouse the desire to maintain communication. This is facilitated by the use of competent, successful linguistic techniques and tools. When writing documents you need to remember that the official business style is characterized by a specific form of contact and interaction of people.

In any language with a highly developed word-forming system, part of the lexical stock consists of derived words. The opinion of most researchers regarding word formation does not differ significantly.

It seems to us that this tendency to spread the role of word formation in English will not only continue in the future, but will intensify. This is directly related to both linguistic and extra linguistic factors.

Extra linguistic factors include, directly, the analytical nature of the English language, which contributes to the formation of new words by laying the foundations. On the other hand, word formation, compared to derivation, is a more active, more mobile and open form of word formation.