Adaptation phenomenon. Theoretical review

Background. The need to adapt in a constantly changing society puts the problem of personality adaptation on a high priority list. Regardless of its relevance for psychological science, this problem still requires further investigation. There is no universal definition for the subject, structure, or components of the concept. Different scholars have contradictory views on the nature of personality adaptation. Aim. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the existing approaches that define the subject, components, and structure of adaptation. The secondary aim was to identify the factors that influence adaptation. Results. The article presents an analysis of existing ideas about adaptation within complementary disciplines and psychological science and provides different viewpoints on the idea in general. The contents of the psychological, psychophysiological, and behavioral components of adaptation are given. The article describes psychological, pedagogical, social, and sociopsychological types of adaptation. The characteristics of adaptation are provided, as described by scholars. Conclusion. Adaptation is considered a structurally complex, integral, multi-component notion. Adaptation can be classified with respect to its type (psychological, social, sociopsychological, and pedagogical) and component (psychological, behavioral, physiological). Adaptation is a continuous process that results from constant environmental changes. The data obtained provides a systematic review and a solid theoretical base for further investigation of personality adaptation. A systematic view of the problem of psychological adaptation contributes to existing knowledge about its structure, components, and characteristics.