The fundamentalist phenomenon: social and philosophic analysis

The study considers the phenomenon of fundamentalism as an essential part of the modern globalized social and political system. The historic notion of fundamentalism appeared in hermeneutics and had been highly specialized defined as the literal interpretation of the religious text. Having engendered as an opposition between religious modernization and liberalization in terms of American Protestantism, fundamentalism quickly became the significant social and political force. Fundamentalism reached its negative peak when the Islamic State had been created (illegal in Russia). At the same time, the fundamentalist issue is not limited to religious extremism, i.e. nowadays, there is a set of forms of this complex phenomenon, including ethnic and religious, market and even feminist fundamentalism. The fundamental bases of this phenomenon and its multifaceted nature are analyzed. The focus is on the Tea Party movement (the United States) that exemplifies the political fundamentalist movement. It is concluded that fundamentalism is a form of ideology and worldview that is not restricted to the religious field and is subject to the comprehensive and multidimensional analysis.