The phenomenon and the concept of information: the experience of the interpretation of the example of biological and cultural systems

The concept of the information generated to date according to the system-cybernetic approach, based on the analysis and modeling of technical systems, no longer meets modern requirements of science and social practice, because it understands phenomenon of information mainly in quantitative terms, while the corresponding concept of information suffers from uncertainty. History of a current information concept formation and its functioning in a modern science discourse shows that this concept was formed on technological criteria and has reductionist imperative character. The reason of it is historical place of human in society, when he acts and perceived by others as an instrument of social communities, but not as an aim. This leads to absolutization of instrumental approach in all the as pects of human attitude to the world and to the domination of such ideology both in science discourse and in everyday consciousness. Investigation of specific of information functioning in the systems of wildlife and culture shows multidimensionality of information phenomenon and provides a basis for more meaningful interpretation of it, allowing in accordance to three spheres of human existence (natural, technical, and purely human, related to communication) to allocate three forms of information - contextual, context-free, supercontext. The definition of information as the flow of data, which determines the character of interactions between agents of living systems in dependence from the development level of their ability to interpreter these data and proposed classification provide good theoretical foundation for solving actual problems of scientific knowledge and social development related to human.