Philosophy of physics: analysis of mutual relations, dialogue in time

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the relationship between physics and philosophy. It is emphasized that until the end of the 19th century, not a single physical theory was even considered as a candidate for a complete description of the behavior of physical systems; each of them ignored vast areas of physical phenomena. However, the first half of the 20th century was marked not only by revolutions in physics caused by the theory of relativity and quantum theory. It was also the time when physicists became philosophers - and this was a necessity and had its consequences. The work shows that many of the deepest intellectual assumptions of Western culture - regarding the nature of matter, the nature of space and time, the question of determinism, the meaning of probability and chance, the possibility of knowledge and much more - have been seriously questioned since the birth of modern science, starting with the work of Galileo. By the time of the scientist Isaac Newton, a lively dialogue between physics and the modern Western philosophical tradition was in full swing, and this exchange of views flourishes to this day.