Phytosanitary state of sowings of spring rapeseed and other field crops depending on the different systems of the primary soil treatment in crop rotation

The different systems of primary soil treatment were studied in four-field rotations (fallow (clear or green manure), winter wheat, spring rapeseed, barley) in All-Russian research institute of rapeseed (Lipetsk region) in 2010-2014. They were: 1 - moldboard under clear fallow, spring rapeseed and surface treatment under winter wheat and barley (common accepted for this region); 2 - deep subsoil plowing (chiseling) under green manure fallow, surface treatment under winter wheat, barley and soil treatment under rapeseed; 3 - surface treatment under green manure, winter wheat, barley and chiseling under rapeseed; 4 - no-till treatment under green manure, winter wheat, barley and moldboard treatment under rapeseed. The purpose of the research was to develop the system of primary soil treatment of high efficiency, which can optimize phytosanitary state of rapeseed sowings and the other crops. At crop rotation with green manure fallow the lowest infestation with weeds of crops appeared to be when applying deep subsoil plowing (chiseling) under white mustard (green manure), surface treatment under winter wheat, barley and real tillage under spring rapeseed. Minimization of the primary soil treatment in crop rotation with green manure fallow increased crops agrocenoses infestation, it was the highest at using of direct sowing of white mustard (green manure), winter wheat and barley. Application of corresponding herbicides on sowings of winter wheat, spring rapeseed and barley during vegetative period significantly lowered its infestation and differences between studied systems of the primary soil treatments were shortened. There were not noted any significant differences on prevalence of pests and diseases in crops agrocenoses between variants of the trial.