Physiological mechanisms of the genetic regulation of functional performance and endurance in combat athletes during adaptation to physical load

Aim. The article deals with studying physiological mechanisms of the polymorphic variants of genes H1F1A Pro/Ser, influencing adaptation in combat athletes during physical load. Materials and methods. We studied combat athletes of various ranks from a sports school in Chelyabinsk: athletes of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd ranks (youth ranking) - 23 persons (control group); athletes of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd ranks (adult ranking) - 27 persons (experimental group 1); professional athletes (Candidate for Master of Sport and Master of Sport) - 26 persons (experimental group 2). We studied polymorphic variants of genes, regulating the cardiovascular system, performance, and endurance in combat athletes (HIF1A Pro/Ser). We performed the amplification of the fragments of genomic DNA, containing polymorphic parts, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in iQ5 Bio-Rad (the USA) and GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, the USA) amplifiers. Primers were synthesized by Evrogen company (Russia). Results. During the typing of Pro582Ser polymorphism of H1F1A gene, we revealed three genotypes and two alleles. Only in the experimental group 2, H1F1A *Ser/Ser genotype has a frequency of 76.47%; for the same sample, the frequency of H1F1*Ser allele is 87.2% and of H1F1A*Pro allele is 12.75%. Conclusion. We performed the analysis of the polymorphic loci of molecular genetic markers (HIF1A Ser/Ser, HIF1A*Ser). This allowed us to determine the cardiorespiratory and aerobic glycolytic system performance in wrestlers during their adaptation to physical load. Our analysis revealed that there is a direct correlation between the high level of integral functional preparedness in combat athletes and athletes’ gene alleles (HIF1A Ser/Ser, HIF1A*Ser). To achieve success in combat sports, the optimal number of these alleles is from 4 to 6.