Flemish textile seals from excavations of the medieval bazaar in Bolgar and some parallels from the territory of Rus

During excavations of the mid-14 th century bazaar in Bolgar in 2012-2013, totally 17 lead seals from Flemish textiles were found. Among them seals from the towns of Dixmud, Damme, Tournai, Ieper and other Flemish towns have been identified. Some seals exhibit parallels with seals from the territory of the Golden Horde and Rus (for instance, seals from Novgorod, Tver and the Oreshek Fortress). Flemish seals mark out the places to which high-quality woolen textiles manufactured in the towns of medieval Flanders delivered along trade routes.