Foreign experience in employment in the service sector

The result of the economic reforms carried out in our country today is seen in liberalization of the activity of entrepreneurs, in a clear definition of the powers of the supervisory bodies by opening a wide way to them and in the practical provision of protection of the rights of entrepreneurs.

In the conditions of modernization of the economy, it is necessary to train personnel for service sectors and further improve the orientation of labor resources to these areas. This has a positive impact on the development and employment of the population of the social sphere in the Republic.

It is known that until the Industrial Revolution, which took place in the XVII-XVIII centuries, the main part of the population of developed countries was occupied by production in agriculture, and the development of production in all spheres was associated with the density of the labor force in agriculture. The deepening of the process of social labor distribution became the basis for the emergence of some operations of production in agriculture – new independent spheres associated with the processing of agricultural products-and the emergence of industries that grow machines, fertilizers and other utensils for agriculture and industries that produce consumer goods. And agriculture itself has become a separate intermediate link in the production process of products. The sectors of the population whose predecessors were employed in agriculture were distributed to different groups. Accordingly, the share of agro-industry in the economy decreased, and this process marked the early stages of the development of civilization.

In this regard, the labor force used in agriculture is redistributed to other sectors. Now entrepreneurs and consumers do not take equipment, some consumer goods from agriculture, but directly from those industries that create these machines and consumer goods. Demand for agricultural products grows to a certain limit, and then stops. For example, the demand for fruit and vegetable products and products will increase as revenue increases, but the dynamics of increase will be decreasing. Such tokens are called "goods that meet vital needs." Once people meet their vital needs, the demand for new valuable products and services will increase (automobile, tourism, etc.). As a result of this, in traditional industries (agriculture), producers are faced with the cessation of demand growth and start earning by reducing costs, the process of work in agriculture is carried out, the additional labor force is separated from agriculture. This in turn leads to an increase in labor productivity in agriculture and a decrease in the number of employed population in agriculture.

The increase in consumer spending leads not only to a change in the volume of consumption, but also to a change in its diversity. The main feature of wealth is that if the products of the lower category are consumed, then more quality products can be bought. The decline in the price of tokens, which satisfy the needs of everyday life, affects not only the reduction in the number of workers used for production, but also the reduction in the time that goes to meet these needs for the worker of any network of the economy.

Thus, if the increase in the production of goods that meet vital needs on the one hand represents an increase in the purchasing capacity of the population, on the other hand – this is the result of the increase in labor productivity in the existing sectors and the increase in production in new areas.

Currently, new jobs are being created in the service sector, this sector is developing as a new sector in the economy, and the share of industry and agriculture in the gross national product is decreasing, and on the contrary, the share of the service sector is growing.

Thus, in the initial stages of growth, agriculture was manifested in the fields, and as a result of this, along with all everyday products, food products were predominant. At the same time, it is possible to separately recognize the industries that have now emerged as new ones. Products in the industry were new to society at that time. Over time, many industrial sectors have become traditional, and due to the increase in labor productivity, there has been a decrease in the possibility of employment of workers in the industry as in the land sector. To date, the unemployed population in industrialized countries is busy in the service sectors. That is why employment is changing across industries.

Now we will analyze the formation of an ever-changing professional qualification structure of employment in the leading countries. It should be noted that today, in developed countries of the economy, the composition of professional qualifications in the field of specific employment has emerged, and the increase in the qualification of the labor force leads to a reduction in the amount of labor force employed and, as a result, structural changes. Analyzing this situation by the profession of managers, skilled professionals and technicians, it turns out that in the US and Canada these professions are the most popular than the real ones, and in 2006 they accounted for 1/3 of the workforce. But in Japan at the beginning of 2005, these professions accounted for 15,4% of the labor force, and in 1989 year in France and Germany they accounted for a quarter of the labor force. At the same time, in Japan they accounted for 31.8%, and in France and 20.0% of the workforce in Germany, although the amount of experienced workers and operators in North America was reduced. In France, trade workers accounted for a small part of the labor force (3,8%), while in the US it was 11,9%, and in Japan it was 15,1%. In Japan, the share of managers was recorded in an insignificant amount (in 1990 it was 3,8%, in the US-12,8%). At the same time, the share of technicians among those employed in France is high (12,4%), but in Germany their share is low (8,7%). Compared to Frances, Germany has more skilled occupations: 6,0% instead of 13,9%. Despite the fact that the composition of employment by profession is different, the share of professionals (managers, skilled workers, technicians), as well as trade workers and office workers, who are destined to do "clean work", is increasing in comparison with "black workers".

Increasing labor efficiency can be the foundation for the formation of time savings in the microdark, in the sectors of the economy, that is, in the macrodark, a large number of industries and productions. And the development of production in new industries is a factor of an increase in the volume and diversity of the products being produced, and in itself the wealth of society, the level of social life.

As a reward for labor, wages are established. A high level of salary evokes a positive impact of the same resource in the activities of firms, and this job loss leads to performance with minimal labor costs. So, it can be noted that saving the labor force does not mean saving the labor force. It should be noted that in the conditions of the transition period economy, the composition of employment of the population in a number of countries is changing. Hence, in a transitional economy, the formation of the composition of the employment of the population is characterized not by economic growth accounting, but by the adaptation of production to Absolute New conditions.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the development of the service sector will prevent unemployment, provide rational employment of labor resources in labor.