Formation of the fauna of synanthropic birds in the Southern Siberia

The synanthropic avifauna of the Southern Siberia is relatively young and has been influenced by climatic conditions, the historical lifestyle of indigenous peoples, and the development of Siberia by Russians. It consists of both allochthonous (non-native) and autochthonous (native) species. The majority of the native species are sedentary birds. The main group of species in the fauna and communities of different types of settlements in the Southern Siberia is small and permanent. This group includes widespread species such as the Blue Rock Pigeon, House and Tree Sparrows, and Barn Swallow, as well as some Asian species like the Rock Pigeon, Pacific Swift, and Masked Wagtail. These species are considered typical or facultative synanthropes. There are few autochthonous species (Siberian and Mongolian) in the core of the synanthropic fauna, including the Rock Pigeon and Masked Wagtail. The presence of these species along with autochthonous subspecies gives the synanthropic avifauna of the Southern Siberia a unique character. The formation of the synanthropic avifauna in this region, as well as in many parts of Eurasia, involved petrophilic and dendrophilic species. The group of pseudosynanthropes, which includes species that are not fully adapted to human settlements, is not stable in terms of species composition. In the Southern Siberia, this group is mainly composed of tree and shrub species, with a noticeable presence of indigenous (Siberian) forms, giving the fauna a regional character. The presence of pseudosynanthropes depends on the diversity of habitats, particularly the presence of natural areas within settlements and the surrounding landscape. The establishment of the synanthropic avifauna in Siberia is still ongoing.