The photonic nanojets formation by two-dimensional microprisms

Using the finite difference method implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, the focusing of laser radiation by dielectric prisms with a triangular profile was numerically investigated. It was shown that two-dimensional triangular prisms make it possible to focus light in free space into spots with dimensions smaller than the scalar diffraction limit. In particular, a silica glass prism with a base width of 60 μm and a height of 28.5 μm forms a photonic nanojet with a maximum intensity of 6 times the intensity of the incident radiation and a width of FWHM=0.38λ. A prism from barium titanate with a base width of 60 μm and a height of 20 μm allows to obtain a photonic nanojet with the same width (0.38λ) and a maximum intensity 5 times the intensity of the incident radiation. The size of the focal spot can be reduced further if the height of the prism is selected so that the maximum intensity is located inside the material of the prism. For example, a barium titanate prism with a height of 21 μm and a base width of 60 μm forms a focal spot with a width of FWHM=0.25λ.