Formation of collective spirit and strengthening of moral values in A.S. Makarenko’s pedagogy: experience and perspectives

Forming collective spirit and strengthening moral values in the pedagogy of A.S. Makarenko is an important topic for discussion and study. Studying this topic can help us understand A.S. Makarenko’s philosophy, methods, and relevance in modern education more deeply. Especially, it can help to develop effective strategies and approaches to education aimed at the formation of collective spirit and healthy moral values in students and young people. The methods of the study include both theoretical analysis of his works and pedagogical heritage and empirical research. Theoretical analysis used the comparative method to identify the main principles and pedagogical approaches utilized by A.S. Makarenko. Empirical research used monitoring to study the practices related to the formation of collective spirit and strengthening of moral values in educational institutions, along with a questionnaire and observation method carried on to obtain quantitative data on the perception and effectiveness ofA.S. Makarenko’s methods. Study results showed its innovative character, which underscores that its novelty meets the requirements and recommendations of relevant agencies and ministries of the Russian Federation concerning the topic under study. A.S. Makarenko’s educational strategy has an aim to form a collective spirit, having as a basic element clear and understandable common goals, ideals and moral principles able to unite the entire group. Only in this case, each member of the collective will be able to feel their importance and responsibility for the common cause.