Formation of neuronal elements of the neuroimmune system of the human embryonic brain under the prenatal influence of alcohol

Introduction. Prenatal alcohol exposure affects the developing fetus, causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), and is a common human central nervous system developmental problem, but such studies are extremely rare, although significant. Alcohol activates innate immune signaling pathways in the brain. Neuroimmune molecules expressed and secreted by brain glial cells (microglia, oligodendroglia) alter neuronal function and further stimulate the development of alcohol behavior. Various signaling pathways and brain cells are involved in the transmission of neuroimmune signals. New understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FASD has led to the identification ofnew therapeutic targets associated with the neuroimmune system. Objective: to study neuronal elements: morphometric parameters of glioblasts, synaptic structures, and properties of synaptosomal GABA-benzodiazepine receptors of the neuroimmune system in human brain embryogenesis under prenatal alcohol exposure. Material and Methods. The sample of subjects included women of reproductive age (from 25 years to 41 years), the dividing of whom took place according to two parameters: 1) the absence of somatic or mental pathology and the absence of alcohol consumption before conception (in a period of 1 month) and during time of pregnancy; 2) diagnosed alcoholism stage I-II lasting 3-13 years. The collection of abortive material from human embryonic brain (HB) tissue was carried out during operations for artificial termination of pregnancy. Using an Ultracut-E ultratome (Reichert, Austria), semi-thin sections (0.5-1 pm) were obtained from these samples, which were stained with toluidine blue (Niessl dye) according to the standard method. The study of brain tissue samples was performed using an Axio Scope A1 light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). For the subsequent photography, a Canon G10 digital camera was used. Parameters of GABA-benzodiazepine receptors were studied using radioreceptor analysis of [3H]-flunitrazepam (Amersham) onsynaptosomal membranes of brain samples. Radioactive analysis of the amount of bound ligand was performed in a Rack-beta (LKB) scintillation beta counter. Results. Changes in glioblasts in the brain tissue of human embryos and fetuses in the conditions of chronic prenatal alcoholization and depending on the increase in the duration of pregnancy were revealed. A statistically significant increase in the average number of glioblasts was found as a result of acompensatory reaction due to a decrease in the size of glioblasts (p function show_eabstract() { $('#eabstract1').hide(); $('#eabstract2').show(); $('#eabstract_expand').hide(); }