Formation of the content of the concept of freedom in social-humanitarian knowledge

The article examines the philosophical foundations and origins of the concept of "freedom" in contemporary science resulting from the integration of specific content when considering the notion of freedom in various fields of humanitarian knowledge. The concept of freedom is analyzed as a category in philosophy, literary studies, sociology, political science, and psychology. The methodological basis of the study consists of historical-logical and essential construction methods of freedom models in historical-philosophical, socio-political, and socio-psychological aspects. It is revealed that in philosophy, the content of freedom needs to be elucidated through the concepts of "transcendence" and "transcending," "essence," and "creativity." S. Kierkegaard and N. A. Berdyaev presented freedom as the Absolute, transcendent to the world, as an ungrounded power to create. I. Kant, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus understand freedom as a state of subject achieved in acts of transcendence. In literature, attention is drawn to F. M. Dostoevsky's concept of freedom, who considered freedom through the prism of faith, ideals, happiness, and even sin. According to F. M. Dostoevsky, genuine freedom cannot lead to happiness because it inevitably includes suffering. Sociologists operate with the concept of social freedom as a mental attitude conditioning human actions. Using a sociological approach (E. Durkheim, M. Weber), the content of freedom is revealed through the concepts of "choice," "duty," "responsibility," and "personality type." Political scientists are interested in possible mechanisms for achieving freedom as an attitude, and the concept of "regulated freedom" is developed. Freedom exists in the context of such concepts as "power," "ideology," "non-violence," and "behavioral scheme." In social psychology, freedom appears as a subjective sense of autonomy and responsibility and is considered in the context of psychological sensations of anxiety and vulnerability, irrational inclinations toward submission, and escape from freedom. The main conclusion of the study is that in various fields of humanitarian knowledge, the content of freedom is clarified in differing conceptual and semantic contexts, which allows for the formation of a more complex semantic structure - the concept of freedom.