Formation of soybean yield depending on cultivation methods under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region

The article presents the results of field trials research, carried out from 2017 to 2020, on the influence of the agro-technological methods on the yield of the Cheremshanka soybean variety in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The features of the influence of the agro-technological methods on the weediness of the agrophytocenosis of soybeans and its productivity have been determined. The highest efficiency in terms of yield and quality of soybean grain was achieved on plots with a complex application of agro-technological measures, such as sowing on soil prepared in autumn with the introduction of ammophos and herbicide weeding when caring for crops. It was found that on plots where ammophos had been introduced soybean plants tolerated the lack of moisture better and could form a seed yield by 6.1 q/ha higher than on plots without fertilization. Also, when applying fertilizers, the growing season increased by 3-4 days. Analysis of the data on the yield of soybeans over the years of research showed that the greatest percentage of the influence of factors on the yield of soybeans is the introduction of ammophos with 44%, followed by herbicide treatment with 41% and autumn tillage with 15%. The trial determined the effectiveness of autumn tillage to a depth of 16-18 cm, as well as the introduction of ammophos at a rate N12P52. In order to reduce the number of weeds in soybean crops, herbicides from the “imazеtаpir” group were used. On average, according to the different options of the experiment, the number of weeds in crops decreased from 7 to 2 pcs/m2, or by 3.2 times, and the remaining group of weeds was dominated by bluegrass species.