Formation of vertic features in different pedoenvironments: the role of mineralogy and relief

The literature data on the mineralogical composition of the world vertisols are analyzed, and clayey soils are studied under the conditions of the ultracontinental climate in the Eravna Basin (Buryatia). Soils are formed at the watershed and near the far-watershed part of the slope of the ridge under the conditions of permafrost. Morphological analysis revealed in soils a combination of cryogenic traits (permafrost wedges and fissures, cryogenic structure, supra permafrost gleying) and vertical properties (slacksides, wedge-shaped aggregates). On the basis of morphological features, soils were diagnosed as dark merged or Gleyic Vertisol Glossic Gelistagnic on the near-carved part of the slope and chernozem-like weakly lysed cryoturbated or Vertic Gleyic Phaeozem Glossic Pachic Clayic Gelistagnic on the water divide, where the vertical lines were located on the water divide, where the vertical lines were, the vertical signs were on the water surface, where there were no vertical patterns, we did not see the figures, where there were some vertical patterns on the watershed, where there were no vertical signs, there were no signs, there were no signs, there were a charm, and there were no real chromosomes). In terms of the physical properties and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, the potential fusion of the watershed soil is comparable to the soil of the near-watershed part of the slope: almost the same, and in some horizons even higher content of physical clay (up to 76%), sludge (up to 54%) and swelling components in the clay fraction ( 93-98% of montmorillonite). However, under the conditions of the ultra-continental climate of Buryatia and the relatively close-lying permafrost, a more contrasting hydrothermal mode and the most favorable conditions for the implementation of shrinkage-swelling processes are created in the upper steep part of the southern slopes. Due to the fact that the watershed soil receives more moisture and less heat, this leads to less contrast of hydrothermal conditions and less pronounced shrinkage-swelling processes. Due to the lack of conditions for the full realization of potential fusion, the signs of slitogenesis in the watershed watershed are expressed at a lower taxonomic level.