Формирование высокопродуктивных агроценозов многолетних бобовых трав в условиях нечерноземной зоны Западно-Сибирского региона

The fundamental role in the feed production of the West Siberian region belongs to perennial grasses, which occupy about 40% in the structure of forage crops on arable land. In the future, in order to satisfy animal husbandry in energy-rich cheap feed, it is planned to expand the species composition of legumes and increase their share in the structure of single-species and mixed crops with cereals to 70%. The experimental work was carried out in 2015-2019 in the subtaiga zone of the Omsk region on the experimental field of the Department of Northern agriculture of the Omsk ASC. The experiments were laid in 2015 and again in 2016 on gray forest soil. The purpose of the work is to give a comparative assessment of perennial leguminous grasses in terms of productivity, nitrogen-fixing ability and adaptability in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of the West Siberian region. Studies have revealed that in these conditions, along with the widespread culture of meadow clover, the use of fodder galega and variegated alfalfa is promising. These types of legumes, in comparison with clover, are distinguished by a longer period of economic use of the herbage and the timing of the onset of mowing ripeness, increased symbiotic activity (Cf = 0.72-0.76), environmental adaptability to local conditions and high productivity. The yield of the green mass of variegated alfalfa on average is 24.4 t/ha, fodders galega - 25.9 t/ha or, respectively, which is more than meadow clover by 21 and 28%. The collection of dry matter from a hectare of these types of grasses is at the level of 4.93-5.23 tons, fodder units - 3.30-3.86 tons, crude protein - 0.98-1.22 tons, meadow clover - only 4.08, 2.61 and 0.73 tons.