Fruit trees pests and pest control

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice

When it comes to getting high yields from fruit trees, it’s basically protecting them from pests. All cultivated fruit plants suffer from various pests and diseases. Due to the impact of pests and diseases, the yield of fruit trees decreases from 30% in some cases to 90%. More than 300 species of fruit tree pests have been registered in Kyrgyzstan [1-10].

Biology and ecology of pests are studied on the basis of generally accepted methods.

• 22 pests that harm fruit trees have been identified: silk butterfly without mating ( Lymantria dispar L.), apricot elephant nose ( Epirhynchites auratus Scop.), Apricot plump ( Eurytoma samsonowi Vassiliev, 1915), Apple green aphid ( Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773), Apple devil butterfly

  ( Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758)), pouch witness ( Coleophora hemerobiella (Scopoli, 1763)), acacia shield ( Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844)), leaf moths (Tortricidae).

Some of which are considered the most dangerous: silk moth without mating ( Lymantria dispar L.), leaf mealyworms (Tortricidae), apple-green aphid ( Aphis pomi De Geer), Mealybug ( Coleophora hemerobiella Scop.), apple blossoming spit beak ( Parthenolecanium corni Bouche).

In the Batken region, the species composition of the main pests of fruit trees was 22 insect species (Insecta), which belong to 5 orders and 14 genera.

Species composition of fruit trees pests

Order: Lepidoptera

Family: Noctuidae

Subfamily: Hadeninae

Cosmia subtilis Staudinger, 1888

Family: Coleophoridae

Genus: Coleophora Hübner, 1822

• C.    hemerobiella (Scopoli, 1763)

• C.    lineolea (Haworth, 1828)

Family: Lasiocampidae

Subfamily: Macromphaliinae

Malacosoma parallela (Staudinger, 1887)

Family: Tortricidae

Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke, 1835)

Laspeyresia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758)

Family: Geometridae

Apocheima cinerarius (Erschoff, 1874)

Pterotocera armeniacae Djakonov, 1949

Erannis defoliaria (Clerck, 1759)

Family: Lymantriidae

Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758

Family: Yponomeutidae

Yponomeuta padella Linnaeus, 1758

Family: Gelechiidae

Recurvaria nanella (Denis & Schiffermüller) 177 5[

Order: Hymenoptera

Family: Eurytomidae

Genus: Eurytoma Illiger, 1807

• E.    schreineri Schreiner, 1908

• E.    samsonowi Vassiliev, 1915

Order: Coleoptera

Family: Attelabidae

Rhynchites ferghanensis Nevskij, 1929

Family: Buprestidae

Chrysobothris affinis subsp. nevskyi Richter, 1944

Order: Homoptera

Family: Coccidae

Parthenolecanium corni Bouché, 1844

Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc.,1873

Family: Aphididae

Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Aradidae

Stephanitis pyri Fabricius, 1775

Mechanical destruction of pests on trees with the help of something or manually is a physico-mechanical method. In the fight against garden pests, berries that have fallen to the ground are collected and burned. Kerosene can be used to destroy silk moth eggs without mating. In the garden, harvesting can begin immediately after harvesting and be carried out until early spring. At the same time as indicated, they should scrape the eggs from the trees and bury them in deeply dug earth.

The method of protection from pests in the garden using living organisms is a biological method. The living organisms themselves are used in pest control, for example. parasitic and predatory entomophages, microbiological preparations, etc. This method is not dangerous for humans, animals and the environment.

The article discusses the pests of fruit trees and methods of control. Recently, the use of a biological pest control method has become the best way to preserve nature and get clean fruits and vegetables.