Functional reserves of the neuromuscular system and relationships between physiological and biomechanical parameters during weightlifting exercise

Aim. The paper aims to identify the nature of the relationships between physiological and biomechanical parameters and to define the functional reserves of acute neuromuscular adaptation during the snatch in skilled weightlifters. Materials and methods. The study involved 52 skilled weightlifters (Masters of Sport). Biomechanical and electromyographic data were recorded during the snatch with an intensity of 80% of the maximum weight. The Spearman correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to process the data obtained. Results. The results obtained show that snatch performance is mostly associated with the vertical component of the pull and adjustment phases; the speed of its increase in the final part of the pull phase and in the supported squat phase; the dynamics of hip and knee joint flexion in the pull and adjustment phases; the dynamics of ankle joint flexion between the unsupported squat and supported squat phases. Electrical activity of muscles is closely associated with weightlifting performance. Snatch performance contributes to the activation of the neuromuscular system and the improvement of functional capacity. Male and female subjects demonstrate a significant increase of the functional activity of the neuromuscular system, which is confirmed by a multiple increase in electrical activity of muscle (up to 40 times). Mean EMG amplitude increases during exercise, while frequency-based characteristics do not change more than 2.2 times. Conclusion. Our study allowed to identify the functional relationships between the physiological and biomechanical parameters that contribute to the improvement of functional capacity and physiological reserves during exercise.