The guarantees of civil rights: single ways of protection and their systemic relationship

Introduction: the target orientation of the domestic legal system of society is the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. Constitutional and civil law principles express the central idea of the domestic legal regulation - the need to protect civil rights and legitimate interests of particular persons. The current legislation of the Russian Federation does not contain a legal definition of ways to protect civil rights, limiting itself onlyto listing specific ways to protect civil rights in Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is no unified approach to this issue in civil law either. Purpose: to identify and establish the fundamental signs of civil rights protection; to define civil rights protection as an institution of civil law; to disclose the essence of a single wayof civil rights protection; to identify the systemic signs of ways of civil rights protection and establish their systemic relationship. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of general scientific and specific scientific methods of studying phenomena and processes, including: the dialectical, formal legal (dogmatic) methods, the method of comparative jurisprudence, the concrete social, comparative legal, historical and logical methods. The research is based on the method of analyzing the current Russian legislation and the law enforcement practice. The systematic approach allows establishing the integrity of the system of ways to protect civil rights, the hierarchy of its structure, as well as structuring its elements. Results: the substantiation of the protection of civil rights as the central idea of the domestic legal regulation by studying the place of the system of ways of civil protection in the civil law regulation system. This study is based on the correlation of the concepts of “protection” and “defense”, the definition of the institution of civil rights protection through the functions of civil law, the justification of the subjective right to protection, the consideration of various classifications of ways to protect civil rights and the identification of forms of protection. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, it is found that through the protection of civil rights, the preventive and/or protective functions of civil law are implemented; the understanding of ways to protect civil rights as certain behaviors of an interested person is revealed, and the definition of a single way to protect civil rights as one of the ways to realize the right to protection is given; it is revealed that the ways of protection civil rights in the institutional aggregate form a special integrity, that is, a system that serves to achieve a single goal; a systemic relationship of the ways to protect civil rights is established.